Nanocrystallization of Vanadium Borophosphate Glass for Improving the Electrical and Catalytic Properties

Figure 3

SEM images of 75V₂O₅-15B₂O₃-10P₂O₅ glasses (a) annealed at 225°C and heated for crystallization at 275°C for (b) 1, (c) 3, and (d) 5 h.

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(b)

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(d)