Recent Development of Nanocomposite Membranes for Vanadium Redox Flow Batteries

Table 2

Comparison of general properties between prefunctionalized nanocomposite and functionalized nanocomposite membranes.

Membranes [ref. #]	VO^2+ permeability; (×10^−7 cm^2⋅min^−1)	Conductivity (mS⋅cm^−1)/; area resistance (Ω⋅cm^2)	CE (%); @40 mA⋅cm^−2	VE (%); @40 mA⋅cm^−2	EE (%); @40 mA⋅cm^−2
Nafion/amino-SiO2 [78]	2.32	—/3.45	≈91	≈79	≈73
SPI/PEI-rGO-2 [79]	≈7.5	≈6.2/—	95	≈79	75.6
SPI/GO-4 [79]	—	—/—	≈90	≈72.5	≈70
SPI/s-MoS2 [81]	1.23	27.5/—	≈91	≈82	≈75
SPI/MoS2 [81]	2.02	21.5/—	≈89	≈81	≈72