Enhanced Hydrophilicity and Protein Adsorption of Titanium Surface by Sodium Bicarbonate Solution

Figure 5

3D images of an SLA and a machined surface generated by 3D optical microscopy in different chemical states: untreated SLA surface (a), NaHCO₃-treated SLA surface (b), untreated machined surface (c), and NaHCO₃-treated machined surface (d).

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)