Enhanced Hydrophilicity and Protein Adsorption of Titanium Surface by Sodium Bicarbonate Solution

Table 6

Relative elemental contributions to the O1s signal for untreated, NaHCO₃-treated, and rinsed SLA Ti specimens.

Modification	TiO	C-O-C	OH	/H2O
Untreated	69.7 ± 5.6%	9.3 ± 3.5%	18.0 ± 1.9%	2.9 ± 0.9%
NaHCO3-treated	20.1 ± 8.0%	17.0 ± 7.1%	45.2 ± 7.4%	17.7 ± 2.8%
Rinsed	76.0 ± 7.7%	9.5 ± 8.3%	11.3 ± 3.8%	3.2 ± 1.1%