Surface Morphology and Growth of Anodic Titania Nanotubes Films: Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting Studies

Figure 2

Schematic illustration explaining the TiO₂ nanotube arrays formation: (a) growth of compact oxide layer and small pits formation; (b) growth of irregular porous oxide layer; and (c) well-aligned nanotube arrays.

(a)

(b)

(c)