Enhancement of the Antibacterial Activity of Silver Nanoparticles against Phytopathogenic Bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum by Stabilization

Figure 3

Growth kinetics curve of R. solanacearum in the presence of different concentrations of pure silver nanoparticles (a) as well as AgNPs stabilized by SDS (b), SDBS (c), TX-100 (d) and Tween 80 (e), and Tween 80 mixed with Ag⁺ (f). The concentration of surfactant in stabilized AgNPs is indicated in the form of AgNPs mg/L (surfactant %)}, such as 19.5 mg/L (0.25%), 9.76 mg/L (0.125%), 4.88 mg/L (6.25 × 10⁻²%), 2.44 mg/L (3.125 × 10⁻²%), 1.22 mg/L (1.56 × 10⁻²%), 0.61 mg/L (0.78 × 10⁻²%), and 0.31 mg/L (0.39 × 10⁻²%). Similarly, the concentration of surfactant in stabilized-Ag⁺ is indicated as 0.31 (0.04 × 10⁻²), 0.62 (0.09 × 10⁻²), 1.24 (0.19 × 10⁻²), and 2.48 (0.39 × 10⁻²).

(a)

(b)

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(e)

(f)