Niosomes as Nanoparticular Drug Carriers: Fundamentals and Recent Applications

Table 1

The materials used in niosome preparation.

Nonionic surfactants	Examples	References
Alkyl ethers
(i) Alkyl glycerol ethers	Hexadecyl diglycerol ether (C16G2)	[9]
(ii) Polyoxyethylene glycol alkyl ethers (Brij)	Brij 30, Brij 52, Brij 72, Brij 76, Brij 78	[10–12]
Crown ethers	Bola	[13, 14]
Alkyl esters
(i) Sorbitan fatty acid esters (Spans)	Span 20, Span 40, Span 60, Span 80, Span 65, Span 85	[15–18]
(ii) Polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid esters (Tweens)	Tween 20, Tween 40, Tween 60, Tween 80, Tween 65, Tween 85	[7, 19, 20]
Alkyl amides
(i) Glycosides	C-Glycoside derivative surfactant (BRM-BG)	[21]
(ii) Alkyl polyglucosides	Octyl-decyl polyglucoside (OrCG110), decyl polyglucoside (OrNS10)	[22]
Fatty alcohols or fatty acids
(i) Fatty alcohols	Stearyl alcohol, cetyl alcohol, myristyl alcohol	[23]
(ii) Fatty acids	Stearic acid, palmitic acid, myristic acid	[23]
Block copolymer
(i) Pluronic	Pluronic L64, Pluronic 105	[24, 25]
Lipidic components
Cholesterol		[26]
l-α-Soya phosphatidyl choline		[27]
Charged molecule
Negative charge	Diacetyl phosphate, phosphatidic acid, lipoamino acid, dihexadecyl phosphate	[28, 29]
Positive charge	Stearylamine, stearyl pyridinium chloride, cetyl pyridinium chloride	[29]