Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Paracetamol, and Caffeine Using Electrochemically Reduced Graphene-Oxide-Modified Electrode

<div>Dependence of <svg height="13.9365pt" id="M144" style="vertical-align:-5.3006pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 10.2121 13.9365" width="10.2121pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M405 650H141L135 622C222 616 230 610 215 535L133 116C118 41 113 33 29 28L23 0H289L295 28C209 33 205 40 219 116L298 535C312 609 317 616 399 622L405 650Z" id="g113-74"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.719,3.132)"><path d="M173 382V461C125 442 68 425 25 418V390C88 382 92 382 92 317V-127C92 -191 84 -199 18 -204V-235H259V-204C180 -196 173 -192 173 -120V7C188 -1 212 -11 243 -12C375 12 495 109 495 261C495 361 427 451 316 451C303 451 283 446 266 435L173 382ZM173 345C200 365 243 388 274 388C346 388 409 329 409 222C409 111 353 40 266 40C231 40 196 56 173 79V345Z" id="g58-110"></path></g></svg> for AA, PA, and CA (<svg height="12.0653pt" id="M145" style="vertical-align:-3.4294pt" version="1.1" viewbox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 145.144 12.0653" width="145.144pt" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z" id="g113-68"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,8.619,3.132)"><path d="M682 0V33C615 38 603 49 571 134C507 305 441 494 378 665L343 655L136 136C101 48 86 41 22 33V0H246V33C170 41 161 50 183 112C196 152 209 192 224 232H441C461 176 478 126 493 87C504 49 499 41 433 33V0H682ZM425 279H242C273 363 303 448 335 533H337L425 279Z" id="g58-63"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,15.016,3.132)"><path d="M682 0V33C615 38 603 49 571 134C507 305 441 494 378 665L343 655L136 136C101 48 86 41 22 33V0H246V33C170 41 161 50 183 112C196 152 209 192 224 232H441C461 176 478 126 493 87C504 49 499 41 433 33V0H682ZM425 279H242C273 363 303 448 335 533H337L425 279Z" id="g58-63"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,25.592,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z" id="g117-34"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,36.854,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z" id="g113-68"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,45.473,3.132)"><path d="M46 650V618C122 613 130 611 130 522V128C130 46 123 40 40 32V0H319V32C227 40 217 42 217 128V279L292 260C303 259 322 258 338 261C436 272 534 337 534 467C534 534 508 580 469 609C428 640 371 650 299 650H46ZM217 558C217 585 220 596 228 603C235 610 256 615 284 615C367 615 435 571 435 463C435 339 358 304 291 304C256 304 229 310 217 317V558Z" id="g58-78"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,49.902,3.132)"><path d="M682 0V33C615 38 603 49 571 134C507 305 441 494 378 665L343 655L136 136C101 48 86 41 22 33V0H246V33C170 41 161 50 183 112C196 152 209 192 224 232H441C461 176 478 126 493 87C504 49 499 41 433 33V0H682ZM425 279H242C273 363 303 448 335 533H337L425 279Z" id="g58-63"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,60.473,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z" id="g117-34"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,71.736,0)"><path d="M645 631C614 643 545 666 457 666C215 666 23 519 23 283C23 90 158 -16 337 -16C412 -16 489 2 522 10C543 39 590 127 606 167L580 181C519 89 459 18 348 18C201 18 122 136 122 287C122 464 244 632 435 632C544 632 602 595 608 472L639 475C643 526 645 581 645 631Z" id="g113-68"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,80.355,3.132)"><path d="M618 181C565 77 513 26 413 26C264 26 151 150 151 336C151 486 240 625 407 625C516 625 573 582 600 475L634 483C627 540 622 581 613 638C585 643 518 665 435 665C211 665 46 526 46 315C46 158 157 -15 406 -15C480 -15 564 4 594 12C612 43 638 121 651 168L618 181Z" id="g58-65"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,86.479,3.132)"><path d="M682 0V33C615 38 603 49 571 134C507 305 441 494 378 665L343 655L136 136C101 48 86 41 22 33V0H246V33C170 41 161 50 183 112C196 152 209 192 224 232H441C461 176 478 126 493 87C504 49 499 41 433 33V0H682ZM425 279H242C273 363 303 448 335 533H337L425 279Z" id="g58-63"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,97.053,0)"><path d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z" id="g117-34"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,108.316,0)"><path d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z" id="g113-49"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,114.556,0)"><path d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z" id="g113-47"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,117.52,0)"><path d="M153 550H386L412 615L406 623H120L82 318C104 327 142 338 184 338C294 338 347 275 347 187C347 112 305 39 221 39C160 39 119 71 97 89C88 97 80 96 71 90C59 80 50 67 49 57C48 45 52 36 66 23C80 9 123 -12 169 -12C221 -11 288 15 342 59C403 109 431 165 431 225C431 308 366 395 238 395C212 395 165 379 127 364L153 550Z" id="g113-54"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,125.936,0)"><path d="M538 96L524 119C492 88 454 63 446 63C439 63 434 70 440 101C463 223 491 341 518 448H508L433 422L401 276C355 192 240 56 188 56C163 56 154 89 163 133C184 233 207 338 235 443L230 448L152 424L58 17C40 -60 23 -143 23 -185C23 -241 42 -261 63 -261C92 -261 117 -241 125 -227L124 -221C109 -209 89 -165 89 -103C89 -55 96 -13 105 26H107C121 -3 134 -12 151 -12C172 -12 194 -5 221 16C279 61 330 124 384 194H386C381 159 377 141 368 105C343 3 363 -12 383 -12C416 -12 486 35 538 96Z" id="g113-234"></path></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,133.152,0)"><path d="M861 0V28C774 35 771 41 768 147L759 509C756 612 762 614 851 622V650H681L449 149L221 650H57V622C148 613 153 609 144 479L130 271C123 166 117 123 111 88C104 46 85 34 26 28V0H259V28C192 35 169 42 167 90C166 130 166 173 170 256L185 541H187L411 7H431L675 555H679L683 147C683 41 680 35 598 28V0H861Z" id="g121-75"></path></g></svg>) in 0.2 M B–RBS of pH 3.2 on (a) accumulation potential, (b) accumulation time, and (c) pulse amplitude.</div>

Journal of Nanomaterials

fig6

Figure 6

Figure 6: Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Paracetamol, and Caffeine Using Electrochemically Reduced Graphene-Oxide-Modified Electrode 

Figure 6 | Simultaneous Voltammetric Determination of Ascorbic Acid, Paracetamol, and Caffeine Using Electrochemically Reduced Graphene-Oxide-Modified Electrode 