In Situ Investigation of the Early-Stage Growth of Nanoporous Alumina

Figure 1

Ex situ scanning electron microscopy images of nanoporous alumina structure (a) plane view in the case of a double anodization at 40 V with oxalic at 3 wt% and (b) cross section in the case of sample pretextured by nanoimprint lithography followed by an anodization in phosphoric acid 5 wt% under 100 V.

(a)

(b)