Effects of Titanium Micro-Nanopermeable Structures on Osteogenic Differentiation

Figure 2

Surface roughness of polished Ti and Ti with different surface modification. (a) Control: polished Ti; (b) SLA: 400 μm SiO₂ sandblast + acid etching; (c) SLA + HT4h: 400 μm SiO₂ sandblast + acid etching + 4 mol/L NaOH hydrothermal for 4 h; (d) SLA + HT8h: 400 μm SiO₂ sandblast + acid etching + 4 mol/L NaOH hydrothermal for 8 h.

(a)

(b)

(c)

(d)