Analysis of the Immune and Antioxidant Response of Cellulose Nanocrystals Grafted with β-Cyclodextrin in Myeloid Cell Lines

Figure 4

Effect of CNCs-β-CD on the changes in mitochondrial ROS in LPS-primed macrophages. Mouse macrophage-like cells (J774A.1) were stimulated with LPS (100 ng/mL) for 4-5 h followed by concomitant treatment with CNCs-β-CD (50 μg/mL) for another 19-20 h. After treatment, MitoSOX Red was added to the live cells for 10 min, followed by DAPI (1 μg/mL) for an additional 5 min. Mitochondrial ROS levels were promptly analyzed utilizing the ZOE™ Fluorescent Cell Imager (scale bar = 40 μm). The pixel intensity was analyzed using ImageJ and expressed as integrated intensity (graph on the bottom of the figure).