Improving Electrochemical Activity in a Semi-V-I Redox Flow Battery by Using a C–TiO₂–Pd Composite Electrode

Figure 7

Charge-discharge diagrams of a semi-V-I RFB system with Nafion 117 as a separated membrane, C–TiO₂–Pd composite electrode as a negative electrode, and carbon paper as a positive electrode at different electrolyte concentrations. The volume of the electrolytic solution in each half cell was 10 mL. (a) 0.5 M I₂; (b) 1 M I₂; and (c) 2 M I₂.

(a)

(b)

(c)