Improving Electrochemical Activity in a Semi-V-I Redox Flow Battery by Using a C–TiO₂–Pd Composite Electrode

Table 1

Cyclic voltammograms of 0.01 M iodine solutions with 1 wt% of vitamin C on different electrodes.

Electrodes	Epa (V)	Epc (V)	∆Ep (V)	Anodic peak‚ Ipa (mA)	Cathodic peak‚ Ipc (mA)	Ipa/Ipc
C electrode	0.67	0.50	0.17	5.76	7.08	0.81
C-Pd electrode	0.61	0.42	0.19	5.86	8.27	0.71
C-TiO2 electrode	0.68	0.46	0.22	3.35	3.78	0.89
C-Pd-TiO2 electrode	0.50	0.29	0.21	6.34	7.44	0.85
C-TiO2-Pd electrode	0.64	0.52	0.12	8.58	9.23	0.92