Enhancement of Through-Thickness Thermal Transport in Unidirectional Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastic Laminates due to the Synergetic Role of Carbon Nanofiber Z-Threads

Table 1

Through-thickness thermal conductivity sample statistics. Note that is the sample mean, is the sample standard deviation, C.V. is the coefficient of variation (), and is the population mean.

Sample type	(W/mK)	(W/mK)	C.V. (%)	Carbon fiber volume fraction (%)
Paraffin wax	2.73E-01	1.53E-03	0.56	N/A
Control CFRPs	1.31	2.63E-02	2.01	76.73 (18-ply)
				75.37 (27-ply)
1 wt% UA-CFRPs	3.61	9.38E-02	2.60	68.24 (18-ply)
				68.22 (27-ply)
1 wt% ZT-CFRPs	9.85	2.37E-01	2.40	71.83 (18-ply)
				71.78 (27-ply)
304 stainless steel	15.22	2.21E-01	1.45	N/A