Review Article

Therapeutic Nanomaterials for Neurological Diseases and Cancer Therapy

Table 1

List of the application of nanomaterials for the neurodegenerative diseases.

TypeNanomaterialsDrugs deliveredDiseaseFindingsDisadvantagesReferences

Lipid-based nanomaterialsPrp CsiRNA-RVG-9r-liposomesPrp CsiRNA RVG-9rPrp CsNeurodegenerative protein misfolding diseases (NPMD)Increase delivery efficiency, prolong half-life of drug in peripheral circulation, and increase BBB passage rate.In animal experiments, mice treated with nanomaterials have a certain probability of causing type III acute allergic reaction.[18]
Fus-liposomes-rhFGF20rhFGF20Parkinson’s disease (PD)Extend drug half-life, high encapsulation rate, increase BBB penetration ability, slow-release drugs, targeting, high biocompatibility.Not mentioned.[19]
RVG29-liposomesN-3,4-Bis(pivaloyloxy)-dopaminePDHigh BBB penetrability, high biocompatibility, striatum nigra targeting, drug sustained release.Not mentioned.[20]
PEG-liposomes-MBsGDNF+Nurr1PDUltrasound-guided ability, ultrasound-guided BBB penetration ability, sustained release, and extended drug half-life.Poor BBB penetration.[21]
RMP7-lf-PEG-liposomesQuercetinAlzheimer’s disease (AD)High BBB penetration ability, SK-N-MC cell targeting, drug sustained release.May be able to induce inflammation.[22]
NGF-SM-ApoE-liposomesNerve growth factor, surface serotonin modulator, ApoEADMaintain NGF activity, high biocompatibility, high BBB permeability, Aβ1-42 and SK-N-MC cell targeting, sustained release of contents.Not mentioned.[23]
Polymeric nanomaterialsNanomicellar system (SANS)L-DOPAPDAutonomous formation, easy to manufacture, epidermal permeability, drug sustained release.Lack of targeting.[24]
LD crystalsomes (micellar)L-DOPAPDAutonomous formation, easy to manufacture, drug sustained release, good biocompatibility, higher drug delivery efficiency.The biological toxicity is not clear.[25]
Pluronic P85/F68 micellesBaicaleinPDSelf-forming, stable character suitable for oral administration, sustained release, enhance content of crossing BBB capacity, enhance content of cell accumulation.Weak BBB permeability, may cause damage to the structure and function of mitochondria.[26]
Mixed-shell polymeric micelle (MSPM)NoneADAβ deposits are targeted, Aβ deposits have strong affinity, reduce the production of proinflammatory factors, have good BBB permeability and strong biocompatibility.Longer metabolic time.[27]
C(NCAM-C3)T(TPP)-N(nano)M(micelle)ResveratrolADAutomated assembly, good BBB permeability, high encapsulation efficiency, mitochondrial targeting, cumulative, drug sustained release, reduce expression of proinflammatory factors.Longer metabolic time.[28]
MicelleCurcuminADAutomatic formation, good drug encapsulation rate, drug sustained release, BBB permeability.Not targeted itself.[29]
PAMAM dendrimersCarbamazepineNeurodegeneration (ND)Improve the solubility of the package, increase the stability of the package, good drug packaging ability, reduce the package of peripheral and cellular toxicity, good biocompatibility.Not resistant to acid and alkali, high concentration, easy to kill, drug sustained release ability is poor.[30]
G4HisMal-dendrimersBoc-L-histidineADHigh BBB permeability, good biocompatibility, Aβ (1 − 40) targeting.Not mentioned.[31]
Lactoferrin coupled PAMAM dendrimers (PAMAM-lf)MemantineADDrug sustained release, controlled release, extended drug half-life, good encapsulation ability, high drug delivery efficiency, good BBB penetration, and brain targeting.Have some blood toxicity.[32]
Phosphorus dendrimersPhosphorusPDSome anti-HIV ability, inhibition of -SYN fibrosis.Hematotoxicity.[33]
Carbosilane dendrimersNonePDInhibits ASN fibrillation, reduces ROS, and protects nerve cells.Not mentioned.[34]
Dopamine-loaded PLGA nanomaterialsDopaminePDProlonged half-life, slow-release, controlled-release, decreased peripheral circulation toxicity, good biocompatibility, decreased Ros, striatum targeting, BBB permeability.Cause inflammation in the targeted area.[35]
Collagen-coated PLGANonePDGood cell adhesion, good biocompatibility, and certain ability to promote cell growth.Not mentioned.[36]
PLK2-PLGA-NPPLK2PDInhibition of drug degradation, improvement of enzyme stability and long-term drug release, good biocompatibility and strong encapsulation ability.Not mentioned.[37]
Fe3O4-PEG/PLGA-OX26Magnetic Fe3O4 nanoparticles, OX26ADStrong drug loading, magnetic targeting, biocompatibility, sustained release, controlled release.Larger particles.[38]
Inorganic nanomaterialsHollow gold nanoparticlesXanthocerasideNDLarge drug loading, increased drug solubility, can be traced.No targeted ability[39]
Hollow au/Ag nanostarsNoneNDLarge surface area, high Raman spectrum activity, and high near-infrared light sensitivity.Unknown biological toxicity.[40]
Concave cubic Qu-P80-AuPdQuercetinADGood biocompatibility, good BBB penetration, high loading capacity, low cytotoxicity, good biocompatibility, lysosomal targeting.Not mentioned.[41]
GNRs-APH-scFv, GASThermophilic acylpeptide hydrolaseADGood biocompatibility, strong photothermal effect, near infrared light sensitivity, low toxicity, stable physical and chemical properties.Self-BBB penetration is slightly worse.[42]
Single-wall carbon nanotubes and gold nanoparticles modified screen-printed electrodesNonePD (dopamine monitoring)High sensitivity, good stability, small damage, real-time monitoring.Not mentioned.[43]
Functionalized random networks of carbon nanotube RN-CNTNonePD (early diagnosis)High sensitivity, high detection accuracy, high degree of integration of DOPA.Not mentioned.[44]
Carbon nanotubes (CNTs)NonePDReduce glial cell proliferation, increase stem cell proliferation, good biocompatibility.Not mentioned.[45]
SWCNT-PEGs-lfL -1 6-hydro--xydopaminePDStriatal targeting, high biocompatibility, good BBB permeability, strong drug loading capacity, low toxicity, sustained release.Cause a certain inflammatory response.[46]
EMT nanomaterialsNoneADInhibition of fibrinogen interactions in abnormal clots.Not mentioned.[47]
SBA-15 (silica holed nanorod)L-DOPAPDHas good BBB permeability, good drug loading, and good biocompatibility.No targeted ability.[48]