A Review of the Material Characteristics, Antifreeze Mechanisms, and Applications of Cryoprotectants (CPAs)

Table 4

The activity of different AFP dimers. (The rectangles are AFP and the painted areas indicate IBS).

Dimer figures	Connection methods	Activity (relative to monomer)	Reasons for increased activity
	C-terminal disulfide bond	1.2	Volume increased
	Side by side with the inactivation of AFP	1.2	Volume increased
	Side by side with active AFP	2	Effective IBS doubled