Prostate cancer is one of the major malignancies that threaten men&#x2019;s health all over the world. Due to the lack of specific symptoms and signs in the early stage, as well as the limitations of existing detection methods, it is difficult to achieve early diagnosis for prostate cancer. As short single-stranded oligonucleotides (DNA or RNA) with specific 3D structure which can be produced using an in vitro selection process termed systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX), aptamers can specifically bind to the corresponding targets. They have become a class of novel targeting ligand for accurate diagnosis and effective treatment of cancer. Owing to distinctive physicochemical features, and some other special properties such as easy modifiability, good biocompatibility, being easily coupled with other ligands, nanomaterials are extensively used in biological medical field research. Enlighteningly, the combination of aptamers with nanomaterials, including metal nanoparticles, nanosilica, quantum dots, and carbon nanomaterials, can enhance the ability of nanomaterials to recognize tumor cells, which is beneficial to overcome the shortcomings such as low sensitivity in early detection and lack of specificity of traditional antineoplastic drugs, thus, clinically helpful to improve the early metaphase diagnosis rate, providing a technical guarantee for the &#x201C;personalized treatment&#x201D; strategy for prostate cancer. Herein, we mainly review the basic and applied research of aptamer functionalized nanocomposite in prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment, including biosensing, bioimaging, and cancer therapy, hoping to provide new ideas for prostate cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Xiaoqian Feng

Yinxing Zhu

Fujin Wang

Ting Guo

Xiaofeng Dou

Mei Lin

Weizhong Tian

The Aptamer Functionalized Nanocomposite Used for Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Therapy

Nanoparticles are an emerging concept for increasing fuel properties. The purpose of this research work is to determine the effect of magnesium oxide nanoparticles on the performance and emission characteristics of diesel engines that run on a spirulina microalgae biodiesel blend (B20) as a fuel. The ultrasonication was used to disperse MgO nanoparticles in B20 fuel at various concentrations (25, 50, 75, and 100 ppm). The significant findings indicated that B20+100 blends reduced specific fuel consumption by 20.1% and had a 5.09% higher brake thermal efficiency than B20. B20+100 blends reduced CO, hydrocarbon, and smoke emissions by a maximum of 32.02%, 30.03%, and 26.07%, respectively, compared to B20.

J. Arunprasad

Arif Senol Sener

R. Thirugnanasambantham

T. Elango

T. Bothichandar

[Retracted] Experimental Investigation of Spirulina Microalgae Biodiesel with Metal Nanoadditive on Single-Cylinder Diesel Engine

In this work, graphene carbon sheets (BGS) were prepared from writing paper and lemon peel, and its polymer composite has a higher surface area compared with the existing Vulcan carbon. Further, the use of lead as a promoter for the oxidation of alcohol and CO on platinum-supported poly(amine-terminated cyclophosphazene-co-cyclophosphazene)-biobased graphene sheet (Poly(AFCP-co-CP)-BGS) composite was demonstrated. The size, phase morphology, and distribution of metal nanoparticles on Poly(AFCP-co-CP)-BGS composite as well as the formation of composite based catalysts were confirmed from TEM, XRD, and FTIR studies. The catalytic activity and stability of the prepared catalysts were tested and compared to methanol, ethylene glycol, glycerol, and CO in 0.5 M KOH solution. The results conclude that the lead-doped Pt/Poly(AFCP-co-CP)-BGS catalyst shows higher oxidation current with respect to onset potential and lower <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="13.277pt" style="vertical-align:-3.18147pt" id="M1" height="12.4698pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 13.277 12.4698"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-74" d="M405 650H141L135 622C222 616 230 610 215 535L133 116C118 41 113 33 29 28L23 0H289L295 28C209 33 205 40 219 116L298 535C312 609 317 616 399 622L405 650Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,4.719,3.132)"><path id="g190-103" d="M54 437L27 408L31 397H101V103C101 37 94 32 30 26V0H266V25C187 33 180 36 180 110V397H288C299 404 304 428 298 437H180V477C179 562 190 610 203 630C214 647 230 659 256 659C289 659 318 641 337 622C346 612 355 612 364 619C374 627 380 635 383 643C388 655 387 667 378 678C362 697 333 710 299 712C260 707 225 689 189 659C135 613 119 563 112 541S101 490 101 458V437H54Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,7.921,0)"><path id="g113-48" d="M368 703H309L44 -163H104L368 703Z"/></g></svg><svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="8.756pt" style="vertical-align:-3.18147pt" height="12.4698pt" version="1.1" viewBox="13.2321838 -9.28833 8.756 12.4698"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,13.282,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-74"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,18.001,3.132)"><path id="g190-115" d="M181 342V451C133 431 89 419 40 411V388C98 381 102 377 102 311V104C102 38 95 32 33 26V0H263V26C186 32 181 38 181 104V287C203 343 235 372 261 372C277 372 289 366 304 352C310 346 318 345 330 350C349 359 362 379 362 399C362 422 338 449 304 449C256 449 213 393 183 342H181Z"/></g></svg> ratio for alcohol as well as CO oxidation. In addition, Pt-Pb/Poly(AFCP-co-CP)-BGS catalyst was checked for direct alkaline fuel cells and proved as a potent anode catalyst in alkaline medium for real-time fuel battery applications. In addition, Poly(AFCP-co-CP)-BGS composite also promotes the catalytic reaction compared to Poly(AFCP-co-CP) and BGS supports as noticed from methanol oxidation in alkaline medium. The surface area of the prepared supporting material is 750.72 m2g-1, which is higher than the activated carbon (250.12m2g-1). So, the prepared Poly(AFCP-co-CP)-BGS composite is a potent support for metal deposition, electrooxidation, and single stack fuel cell constructions.

V. Selvaraj

R. ThamilMagal

V. Andal

K. Arunkumar

Sivaraj Murugan

Bio-Based Graphene Sheet/Copolymer Composite as Supporting Material for Nanocatalysts towards Electrochemical Studies and Direct Alkaline Alcohol Fuel Cells

Breast cancer is the most common female cancer in the world. Breast cancer patients are currently treated with a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and targeted therapy, but the 5-year overall survival rate is still low. Therefore, we plan to explore the potential interaction mechanism between miR-622 and EYA1 in the breast cancer cells and their effect on proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer, to lay a foundation for the gene therapy of breast cancer and improve the therapeutic effect. This study found that miR-622 was highly expressed in breast cancer cell lines, while EYA1 was poorly. In MCF-7 cell line, miR-622 had the highest expression level, while EYA1 had the lowest. Besides, the bioinformatics analysis showed that EYA1 possesses putative miR-622 binding sites within its 3<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.04979992pt" id="M1" height="11.4859pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -11.4361 3.89517 11.4859" width="3.89517pt"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><path id="g50-31" d="M310 541L304 571C290 586 211 619 185 610L80 76L131 52L310 541Z"/></g></svg>UTR. The increased miR-622 significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration, and invasion of MCF-7 cell line and inhibited luciferase reporter activity in the 3<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.04979992pt" id="M2" height="11.4859pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -11.4361 3.89517 11.4859" width="3.89517pt"><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,0,-5.741)"><use xlink:href="#g50-31"/></g></svg>UTR of EYA1-WT. When upregulating the expression of miR-622, the mRNA and protein expression levels of EYA1 were significantly decreased. We also found that the silencing of EYA1 promoted the proliferation, migration, and invasion of breast cancer MCF-7 cell line. These results indicate that miRNA-622 plays a tumor-promoting role in breast cancer through targeted negative regulation of EYA1, suggesting that miRNA-622 may become a potential target for breast cancer treatment.

Pan Tang

Yanyan Shen

Jihui Yang

Nan Wen

Ying Liu

Qiqing Zeng

Tingting Yin

miR-622 Induces Breast Cancer Cell MCF-7 Proliferation, Migration, and Invasion by Directly Negatively Targeting EYA1

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using different plant parts has shown a great potential in medicinal and industrial applications. In this study, AgNPs were in vitro green synthesized using A. graecorum, and its antifungal and antitumoractivities were investigated. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) image result indicated spherical shape of AgNPs with a size range of 22-36&#x2009;nm indicated by using Image J program. The functional groups indicated by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) represented the groups involved in the reduction of silver ion into nanoparticles. Alhagi graecorum AgNPs inhibited MCF-7 breast cancer cell line growth in increased concentration depend manner, significant differences shown at 50, 100, and 150&#x2009;&#x03BC;g/ml concentrations compared to the control. Strong antifungal activity against Candida species (C. albicans., C. glabrata, C. parapsilosis, C. tropicales, and C. krusei) was observed and the inhibition zone range from 14-22&#x2009;mm at a concentration of 0.01&#x2009;mmol/ml and from 17-27&#x2009;mm at a concentration of 0.02&#x2009;mmol/ml. Based on our findings, it is concluded that synthesized silver nanoparticles from A. graecorum can be used as a potential antitumor and antifungal agent for various therapeutical applications.

Sumaiya N. Hawar

Hanady S. Al-Shmgani

Zainb A. Al-Kubaisi

Ghassan M. Sulaiman

Yaser H. Dewir

Jesamine J. Rikisahedew

Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Alhagi graecorum Leaf Extract and Evaluation of Their Cytotoxicity and Antifungal Activity

The analysis of nanofluid dynamics in a bounded domain attained much attention of the researchers, engineers, and industrialists. These fluids became much popular in the researcher’s community due to their broad uses regarding the heat transfer in various industries and fluid flowing in engine and in aerodynamics as well. Therefore, the analysis of Cu-kerosene oil and Cu-water is organized between two Riga plates with the novel effects of thermal radiations and surface convection. The problem reduced in the form of dimensionless system and then solved by employing variational iteration and variation of parameter methods. For the sake of validity, the results checked with numerical scheme and found to be excellent. Further, it is examined that the nanofluids move slowly by strengthen Cu fraction factor. The temperature of Cu-kerosene oil and Cu-water significantly rises due to inducing thermal radiations and surface convection. The behaviour of shear stresses is in reverse proportion with the primitive parameters, and local Nusselt number increases due to varying thermal radiations, Biot number, and fraction factor, respectively.

Adnan

Waqas Ashraf

Abdulaziz H. Alghtani

Ilyas Khan

M. Andualem

Thermal Transport in Radiative Nanofluids by Considering the Influence of Convective Heat Condition

Traditional dressings used for wound repair, such as gauze, have shortcomings; for example, they cannot provide a suitable microenvironment for wound recovery. Therefore, it is necessary to find a better dressing to overcome shortcomings. Hydrogel provides a suitable wet environment, has good biocompatibility, and has a strong swelling rate to absorb exudate. Nanomaterial in hydrogels has been used to improve their performance and overcome the shortcomings of current hydrogel dressings. Hydrogel dressing can also be loaded with nanodrug particles to exert a better therapeutic effect than conventional drugs and to make the dressing more practical. This article reviews the application of nanotechnology in hydrogels related to wound healing and discusses the application prospects of nanohydrogels. After searching for hydrogel articles related to wound healing, we found that nanomaterial can not only enhance the mechanical strength, antibacterial properties, and adhesion of hydrogels but also achieve sustained drug release. From the perspective of clinical application, these characteristics are significant for wound healing. The combination of nanomaterial and hydrogel is an ideal dressing with broad application prospects for wound healing in the future.

Yangyang Liu

Shurui Song

Shuangyong Liu

Xiaoyan Zhu

Peige Wang

Application of Nanomaterial in Hydrogels Related to Wound Healing

The synthesis of several metal complexes of d-block elements of hexadecanoic acid (palmitic acid) and its antimicrobial activity was reported in this study. UV-Vis and FT-IR spectroscopy studies were used to characterize and confirm the produced metal complexes by the shift in the absorbance and the formation of M-O linkage. The X-ray diffraction method was mainly used to examine the crystallographic faces of the complexes based on the transition metals. Thermal gravimetric investigation revealed that all metal palmitate complexes had high thermal stability in the range of 250-300°C. The metal complexes of hexadecanoic acid were examined for microbicidal activity against diverse bacterial strains and fungal pathogens using the agar well diffusion method. The copper palmitate complex presented excellent antibacterial activity among the other metal complexes. These outcomes suggest of using fatty acid metal complexes as a suitable candidate in several biomedical applications.

Kavitha Govindarajan

Vijayarohini Parasuraman

Parasuraman Perumalswamy Sekar

Ilhami Colak

Balkew Zewge Hailemeskel

[Retracted] Newly Synthesized Micro-Nano Transition Metal Complexes of Hexadecanoic Acid as Anti-Microbial Agents: Synthesis, Characterization, and Biological Investigations

About this journal

Journal of Nanomaterials publishes research on nanoscale and nanostructured materials with an emphasis on synthesis, processing, characterization, and the applications of nanomaterials.

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Chief Editor Stefano Bellucci is Professor of Theoretical Physics at the National Institute for Nuclear Physics in Frascati, Italy. His research interests include&nbsp;nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanocarbon-based composites, and the biomedical applications of nanomaterials.

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Journal of Nanomaterials - Table of contents 2022

title

Journal of Nanomaterials publishes research on nanoscale and nanostructured materials with an emphasis on synthesis, processing, characterization, and the applications of nanomaterials.

Journal of Nanomaterials