Nanotechnology has had a significant global impact in redefining existing and developing novel research avenues over the last two decades. As the foundation of nanotechnology development, complex and novel nanomaterials offer essential multifunctionality for advanced developments. The continuous advances toward preparative methods, with specific interest in controlling the fundamental properties and architecture, have been achieved, where the inextricable relationship in the composition—geometry (structure)—properties loop of one-dimensional (1D) nanomaterials, for example, nanotubes, nanowires, and nanorods, indeed defines a wide variety of promising applications. To date, the number of nanomaterial-based devices that are currently available in the market place is encouraging. New research focus and development on these related areas needs to be summarized and shared in a timely manner to benefit the entire community.

Following the success of our early 1D Nanomaterials special issues, we now widened the focus of this issue from synthesis and characterization to new exploitation of these 1D nanomaterials, including their incorporation into different matrices for the fabrication of nanocomposites or for the construction of nanodevices. As evidenced by previous success, such special issues have been becoming an important international medium for researchers to summarize their most recent developments and to exchange ideas in the field. The topics to be covered include, but are not limited to:

• 1D nanomaterials production
• 1D nanomaterials processing
• Advanced and detailed characterization
• New techniques for imaging and manipulation of 1D nanomaterials
• 1D nanomaterials and biological hybrids
• 1D functional polymer nanostructures
• 1D nanomaterials in nanocomposites
• Theoretical modeling of 1D nanomaterial properties
• Functionality on the nanoscale or from the nanoscale to the macroscale
• Fabrication and/or assembly of 1D nanomaterials into macroscale devices

Before submission authors should carefully read over the journal's Author Guidelines, which are located at http://www.hindawi.com/journals/jnm/guidelines/. Prospective authors should submit an electronic copy of their complete manuscript through the journal Manuscript Tracking System at http://mts.hindawi.com/ according to the following timetable: