Hongyou Fan

Yunfeng Lu

Ganapathiraman Ramanath

Jos&#233; A. Pomposo

Emerging Multifunctional Nanostructures

In the protecting inert gas, silver nanoparticles were successfully prepared by confined arc plasma method. The particle size, microstructure, and morphology of the particles by this process were characterized via X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and the corresponding selected area electron diffraction (SAED). The <svg     style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt;width:19.0875px;" id="M1" height="15.25" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 19.0875 15.25" width="19.0875"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg> absorption-desorption isotherms of the samples were measured by using the static volumetric absorption analyzer, the pore structure of the sample was calculated by Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) academic model, and the specific surface area was calculated from Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) adsorption equation. The experiment results indicate that the crystal structure of the samples is face-centered cubic (FCC) structure the same as the bulk materials, the particle size distribution ranging from 5 to 65&#x2009;nm, with an average particle size about 26&#x2009;nm obtained by TEM and confirmed by XRD and BET results. The specific surface area is 23.81&#x2009;<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:20.375px;" id="M2" height="15.8375" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 20.375 15.8375" width="20.375"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg>/g, pore volumes are 0.09&#x2009;<svg     style="vertical-align:-0.16379pt;width:27.575001px;" id="M3" height="16.049999" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 27.575001 16.049999" width="27.575001"  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
	
		
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</svg>/g, and average pore diameter is 18.7&#x2009;nm.

Mingru Zhou

Zhiqiang Wei

Hongxia Qiao

Lin Zhu

Hua Yang

Tiandong Xia

Particle Size and Pore Structure Characterization of Silver Nanoparticles Prepared by Confined Arc Plasma

Asymmetric inorganic/organic composite nanoparticles with anisotropic surface functionalities represent a new approach for creating smart materials, requiring the selective introduction of chemical groups to dual components of composite, respectively. Here, we report the synthesis of snowman-like asymmetric silica/polystyrene heterostructure with anisotropic functionalities via a chemical method, creating nanostructure possibly offering two-sided biologic accessibility through the chemical groups. Carboxyl group was introduced to polystyrene component of the snowman-like composites by miniemulsion polymerization of monomer on local surface of silica particles. Moreover, amino group was then grafted to remained silica surface through facile surface modification of the composite nanoparticles. The asymmetric shape of these composites was confirmed by TEM characterization. Moreover, characteristics of anisotropic surface functionalities were indicated by Zeta potential measurement and confocal laser microscopy after being labeled with fluorescent dyes. This structure could find potential use as carriers for biological applications.

Yilong Wang

Hong Xu

Weili Qiang

Hongchen Gu

Donglu Shi

Asymmetric Composite Nanoparticles with Anisotropic Surface Functionalities

Cross-linked assemblies of nanoparticles are of great value as chemiresistor-type sensors.  Herein, we report a simple method to fabricate a chemiresistor-type sensor that minimizes the swelling transduction mechanism while optimizing the change in dielectric response. Sensors prepared with this methodology showed enhanced chemoselectivity for phosphonates which are useful surrogates for chemical weapons. Chemoselective sensors were fabricated using an aqueous solution of gold nanoparticles that were then cross-linked in the presence of the silica precursor, tetraethyl orthosilicate with the <svg style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:9.7749996px;" id="M1" height="7.9499998" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 9.7749996 7.9499998" width="9.7749996" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path id="x1D6FC" d="M545 106q-67 -118 -134 -118q-24 0 -40 37.5t-30 129.5h-2q-47 -72 -103 -119.5t-108 -47.5q-47 0 -76 45.5t-29 119.5q0 113 85 204t174 91q47 0 70 -33.5t43 -119.5h3q32 47 80 140l55 13l10 -9q-47 -80 -138 -201q17 -99 27.5 -136t22.5 -37q23 0 69 61zM333 204&#xA;q-14 98 -31 149.5t-50 51.5q-49 0 -94 -70t-45 -164q0 -55 15.5 -86t40.5 -31q70 0 164 150z" /></g></svg>-, 
<svg style="vertical-align:-0.1638pt;width:10.975px;" id="M2" height="8.0500002" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 10.975 8.0500002" width="10.975" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.775)"><path id="x1D714" d="M615 290q0 -148 -114 -245q-65 -57 -125 -57q-39 0 -62 27t-29 70q-31 -41 -72 -69t-74 -28q-49 0 -82.5 43t-33.5 124q0 97 55 174.5t148 124.5l15 -24q-59 -45 -94 -113t-35 -146q0 -58 19.5 -88.5t48.5 -30.5q33 0 62 34.5t45 101.5q16 73 20 135l80 17l5 -6&#xA;q-11 -37 -23.5 -100t-12.5 -92q0 -47 16.5 -71.5t44.5 -24.5q62 0 95.5 67t33.5 160q0 107 -63 152l1 9q14 14 45 14q29 0 57.5 -44t28.5 -114z" /></g></svg>-dithiolate (which is derived from the in situ deprotection of 
1,4-di(Phenylethynyl-<svg style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:12.4375px;" id="M3" height="17.7125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 12.4375 17.7125" width="12.4375" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)"><path id="x34" d="M456 178h-96v-72q0 -51 12.5 -62.5t72.5 -16.5v-27h-256v27q65 5 78 17t13 62v72h-260v28q182 271 300 426h40v-407h96v-47zM280 225v295h-2q-107 -148 -196 -295h198z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,9.488)"><path id="x2032" d="M227 744l-123 -338l-31 15l73 368q12 3 41.5 -8t36.5 -20z" /></g></svg>,<svg style="vertical-align:-0.0pt;width:15.975px;" id="M4" height="17.7125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 15.975 17.7125" width="15.975" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,17.65)"><use xlink:href="#x34" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,8.225,9.488)"><use xlink:href="#x2032" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,11.759,9.488)"><use xlink:href="#x2032" /></g></svg>-diacetylthio)-benzene (<b>1</b>)
with wet triethylamine). The cross-linked nanoparticles and silica matrix were drop coated onto interdigitated electrodes having 8 <svg style="vertical-align:-3.56265pt;width:9.5625px;" id="M5" height="12.175" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 9.5625 12.175" width="9.5625" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,7.675)"><path id="x1D707" d="M538 96q-38 -45 -84 -76.5t-71 -31.5q-44 0 -15 117q12 49 18 89h-2q-99 -128 -163 -178q-36 -28 -70 -28q-26 0 -44 38h-2q-16 -69 -16 -129q0 -43 11 -75.5t24 -42.5l1 -6q-7 -12 -24.5 -23t-37.5 -11q-40 0 -40 76q0 52 35 202l94 407l78 24l5 -5q-32 -122 -72 -310&#xA;q-7 -33 0 -55t25 -22q36 0 105.5 75t107.5 145l32 146l75 26h10q-50 -197 -78 -347q-7 -38 6 -38q7 0 31 17t47 39z" /></g></svg>m spacing. Samples were exposed to a series of analytes including dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), octane, and toluene. A limit of detection was obtained for each analyte. Sensors assembled in this fashion were more sensitive to dimethyl methylphosphonate than to octane  by a factor of 1000.

Shawn M. Dirk

Stephen W. Howell

B. Katherine Price

Cody Washburn

David R. Wheeler

James M. Tour

Joshua Whiting

R. Joseph Simonson

Vapor Sensing Using Conjugated Molecule-Linked Au Nanoparticles in a Silica Matrix

Using the prepared <svg style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:39.162498px;" id="M3" height="14.75" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 39.162498 14.75" width="39.162498"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg> particles of 10&#x2009;nm&#x2013;25&#x2009;nm as magnetic core, we synthesized <svg style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:39.162498px;" id="M4" height="14.75" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 39.162498 14.75" width="39.162498"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg> as the shell by homogeneous precipitation. Their structure and morphology were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-Ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), transmission electronic microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR), and vibration-sample magnetometer (VSM). We show that with urea as precipitant transparent and uniform <svg style="vertical-align:-3.13504pt;width:39.212502px;" id="M7" height="14.6" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 39.212502 14.6" width="39.212502"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg>, particles can be obtained. The composite particles have better dispersivity than the starting materials, and exhibit super-paramagnetic properties and better chemical adsorption ability with saturated magnetization of 33.5&#x2009;emu/g. Decoloration experiment of methyl orange solution with <svg style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:39.162498px;" id="M9" height="14.75" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 39.162498 14.75" width="39.162498"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg> composite suggested that the highest decoloration rate was 94.33&#x25; when the pH of methyl orange solution was 1.3 and the contact time was 50&#x2009;minutes. So this kind of <svg style="vertical-align:-3.25792pt;width:39.162498px;" id="M11" height="14.75" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 39.162498 14.75" width="39.162498"  xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg">
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</svg> composite particle not only has super-paramagnetic property, but also good ability of chemical adsorption.

Zhang Shu

Shulin Wang

Synthesis and Characterization of Magnetic Nanosized <svg style="vertical-align:-3.39069pt" height="15.65" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 41.387501 15.65" width="41.387501" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.362)"><path id="x46" d="M493 503l-29 -4q-13 56 -28 80q-13 22 -35.5 29.5t-78.5 7.5h-76q-22 0 -27.5 -5t-5.5 -27v-238h103q66 0 82.5 12t25.5 62h29v-193h-29q-9 54 -25.5 67t-82.5 13h-103v-181q0 -64 15 -78.5t84 -19.5v-28h-272v28q61 5 74.5 19.5t13.5 78.5v399q0 64 -13 78t-72 19v28&#xA;h440q1 -40 10 -147z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,8.732,11.362)"><path id="x65" d="M380 106l15 -22q-42 -52 -87 -74t-76 -22q-89 0 -142 62t-53 151q0 103 66 175q67 73 146 73h1q61 0 105.5 -46.5t44.5 -105.5q0 -16 -4.5 -22.5t-18.5 -9.5q-54 -10 -262 -17q1 -95 46 -143.5t104 -48.5q61 0 115 50zM225 412q-35 0 -64.5 -32.5t-40.5 -90.5q83 0 170 3&#xA;q14 0 19 4.5t5 15.5q1 41 -23.5 70.5t-65.5 29.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,15.95,15.45)"><path id="x33" d="M285 378v-2q65 -13 102 -54.5t37 -97.5q0 -57 -30.5 -104.5t-74 -75t-85.5 -42t-72 -14.5q-31 0 -59.5 11t-40.5 23q-19 18 -16 36q1 16 23 33q13 10 24 0q58 -51 124 -51q55 0 88 40t33 112q0 64 -39 96.5t-88 32.5q-29 0 -64 -11l-6 29q77 25 118 57.5t41 84.5&#xA;q0 45 -26.5 69.5t-68.5 24.5q-67 0 -120 -79l-20 20l43 63q51 56 127 56h1q66 0 107 -37t41 -95q0 -42 -31 -71q-22 -23 -68 -54z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,22.287,11.362)"><path id="x4F" d="M381 665q131 0 226.5 -93t95.5 -239q0 -158 -96 -253t-238 -95q-137 0 -231 95t-94 238q0 142 92.5 244.5t244.5 102.5zM359 629q-89 0 -151 -74.5t-62 -208.5q0 -141 69 -233t175 -92q90 0 150.5 74t60.5 211q0 152 -69 237.5t-173 85.5z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,34.988,15.45)"><path id="x34" d="M456 178h-96v-72q0 -51 12.5 -62.5t72.5 -16.5v-27h-256v27q65 5 78 17t13 62v72h-260v28q182 271 300 426h40v-407h96v-47zM280 225v295h-2q-107 -148 -196 -295h198z" /></g></svg> /<svg style="vertical-align:-3.27605pt" height="15.5125" version="1.1" viewBox="0 0 43.487499 15.5125" width="43.487499" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,.062,11.363)"><path id="x4D" d="M861 0h-263v28q61 5 73 22t12 97l-4 408h-4l-244 -548h-20l-224 534h-2l-15 -285q-5 -98 -3 -166q1 -34 19.5 -45t72.5 -17v-28h-233v28q45 5 62.5 17t22.5 43q11 65 19 183l14 208q3 36 3.5 55t-2.5 37.5t-6.5 25t-16.5 13t-25.5 8t-39.5 4.5v28h164l228 -501l232 501&#xA;h170v-28q-68 -6 -81 -21.5t-11 -91.5l9 -362q2 -80 15 -97t78 -22v-28z" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,15.089,11.363)"><path id="x6E" d="M524 0h-209v26q44 5 55 18t11 65v167q0 114 -91 114q-50 0 -109 -51v-235q0 -50 10 -61.5t55 -16.5v-26h-217v26q51 5 62 17t11 61v206q0 47 -9.5 58.5t-50.5 19.5v23q82 15 139 40v-79l67 47q47 30 83 30q60 0 94.5 -40t34.5 -112v-193q0 -50 10 -61.5t54 -16.5v-26z&#xA;" /></g><g transform="matrix(.017,-0,0,-.017,24.388,11.363)"><use xlink:href="#x4F"/></g><g transform="matrix(.012,-0,0,-.012,37.088,15.45)"><path id="x32" d="M412 140l28 -9q0 -2 -35 -131h-373v23q112 112 161 170q59 70 92 127t33 115q0 63 -31 98t-86 35q-75 0 -137 -93l-22 20l57 81q55 59 135 59q69 0 118.5 -46.5t49.5 -122.5q0 -62 -29.5 -114t-102.5 -130l-141 -149h186q42 0 58.5 10.5t38.5 56.5z" /></g></svg> Composite Particles

Polyamide 66 (PA66)/Brazilian clay nanocomposites were produced via direct melt intercalation. A montmorillonite sample from the Brazilian state of Paraíba was organically modified with esthearildimethylammonium chloride (Praepagen), quaternary ammonium salt and has been tested to be used in polymer nanocomposites. The dispersion analysis and the interlayer spacing of the clay particles in matrix were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Thermal behavior of the obtained systems was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG), and heat deflection temperature (HDT) was reported too. The nanocomposites exhibited a partially exfoliated structure, very interesting HDT values which are higher than those of pure PA66, and good thermal stability.

E. M. Araújo

K. D. Araujo

R. A. Paz

T. R. Gouveia

R. Barbosa

E. N. Ito

Polyamide 66/Brazilian Clay Nanocomposites

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<p><em>Journal of Nanomaterials</em> publishes research on nanoscale and nanostructured materials with an emphasis on synthesis, processing, characterization, and the applications of nanomaterials.</p>


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<p>Chief Editor Stefano Bellucci is Professor of Theoretical Physics at the National Institute for Nuclear Physics in Frascati, Italy. His research interests include&nbsp;nanoscience and nanotechnology, nanocarbon-based composites, and the biomedical applications of nanomaterials.</p>


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