Research Article

Renal Dysfunction, Metabolic Syndrome and Cardiovascular Disease Mortality

Table 1

Sample weighted distribution of study variables ( 𝑛 = 1 3 1 1 5 ).

Variables%

Race
 White49.9%
 African american24.8%
 Hispanic & other25.4%
Gender
 Male46.7%
 Female53.3%
Age (years)
< 6560.0%
 ≥6540.0%
Poverty/income ratio
< 136.3%
 ≥163.7%
Smoking status
 Never smoked45.4%
 Ever-smoker (currently nonsmoker)31.4%
 Current-smoker23.1%
History of CVD (stroke, MI & congestive heart failure)
 No86.9%
 Yes13.1%
Hypertriglyceridemia
< 150 mg/dL59.3%
 ≥150 mg/dL40.7%
Decreased HDL cholesterol (men ≤ 40 mg/dL/women ≤ 50 mg/dL)
 No62.0%
 Yes38.0%
Blood pressure (≥130/85 mmHg)
< 110 mmHg systolic & 85 mmHg diastolic36.8%
> 130 mmHg systolic or > 85 mmHg diastolic63.2%
Diabetes (FBS, medications for DM & physician diagnosis)
< 110 mg/dL74.9%
> 11025.1%
Central obesity (waist circumference: men ≥ 40 inches/women ≥ 35 inches)
 No49.9%
 Yes50.4%
Proinflammatory state (CRP ≥ 3 mg/dL)
 No73.0%
 Yes27.0%
Prothrombotic state (fibrinogen ≥ 350 mg/dL )
 No71.7%
 Yes28.3%
Metabolic syndrome (meet at criteria for 3 or ATP III criteria)
 No77.9%
 Yes22.1%
Renal dysfunction (eGFR in mL/min/1.73 m 2 and proteinuria)
 0–599.5%
 60–89 or eGFR ≥90 with proteinuria43.9%
 ≥90 with no proteinuria46.6%
Renal dysfunction & metabolic syndrome
 No metabolic syndrome and no renal dysfunction31.9%
 No metabolic syndrome and early renal dysfunction24.4%
 No metabolic syndrome and late renal dysfunction3.6%
 Metabolic syndrome and no renal dysfunction14.7%
 Metabolic syndrome and early renal dysfunction19.4%
 Metabolic syndrome and late renal dysfunction6.0%
CVD specific mortality
 No88.2%
 Yes11.8%
Interview/exam to mortality follow-up period in months (mean ± std)96.5 [±33.0]

Sample excludes individuals aged < 35 years, pregnant, or have no mortality assessment.