Dietary Glycemic Index, Dietary Glycemic Load, Blood Lipids, and Coronary Heart Disease

Table 3

Mean changes of concentrations of blood lipids and CHD risk according to dietary glycemic index and dietary glycemic load.

	Quartiles of dietary glycemic index					Quartiles of dietary glycemic load
	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	𝑃 for trend	Q1	Q2	Q3	Q4	𝑃 for trend
Total  cholesterol	0.0	0.9	1.7	3.1	.04	0.0	4.5	5.3	8.2	.01
(mg/dL) f		[−1.9, 3.5]	(−0.8, 4.6)	(−0.05, 5.4)			[−1.8, 10.2]	[−1.2, 10.8]	[1.3, 14.9]
HDL-C (mg/dL) f	0.0	−0.7	−1.0	−1.9	.001	0.0	−1.3	−2.1	−3.5	.001
		[−1.4, 0.1 ]	[−1.9, -0.3]	[−2.8, −1.1]			[−2.1, −0.5]	[−3.0, -1.1]	[−4.9, −1.9]
LDL-C (mg/dL) f	0.0	2.2	2.9	4.8	.001	0.0	1.2	5.3	6.0	.002
		[−0.6, 4.7]	[0.1, 5.6]	[2.0, 7.7]			[−1.6, 4.0]	[2.0, 8.5]	[0.8, 11.1]
Triglycerides (mg/dL) f	0.0	0.7	5.0	5.8	.01	0.0	10.0	13.7	17.7	.01
		[−3.8, 5.2]	[0.5, 9.4]	[1.1, 10.8]			[−5.0, 23.1]	[−2.2, 27.8]	[1.8, 34.1]
LDL-C/HDL-C ratio f	0.0	0.1	0.16	0.29	<.001	0.0	0.17	0.39	0.59	<.001
		[0.03, 0.21]	[0.07, 0.26]	[0.19, 0.40]			[0.1, 0.26]	[0.28, 0.51]	[0.31, 0.79]
CHD risk f	0.0	0.13	0.17	0.32	<.001	0.0	0.10	0.43	0.69	<.001
		[0.0, 0.25]	[0.04, 0.30]	[0.2, 0.5]			[0.0, 0.21]	[0.18, 0.67]	[0.47, 0.90]

CHD; Coronary heart disease risk; f 𝛽's adjusted for sex; age (years); BMI (<20, 20–24.9, 25.0–29.9, >30 kg/m2); physical activity (mets/week); smoking (never, past, current); and intakes of total energy, protein, saturated fat, polyunsaturated fat, trans fat, cholesterol, alcohol, fiber, folate, magnesium.