Role of Nutrition in the Management of Hepatic Encephalopathy in End-Stage Liver Failure

Table 1

Metabolic alterations leading to malnutrition in end-stage liver failure.

Protein	Carbohydrate	Fat
(i)  Increased  catabolism (ii)  Increased  utilization of BCAAs (iii)  Decreased  ureagenesis	(i)  Decreased  hepatic  and  skeletal  muscle glycogen  synthesis; (ii)  Increased  gluconeogenesis (iii)  Glucose  intolerance  and  insulin resistance	(i)  Increased  lipolysis; (ii)  Enhanced  turnover  and  oxidation of fatty  acids; (iii)  Increased  Ketogenesis