Research Article

Nuts Improve Diet Quality Compared to Other Energy-Dense Snacks While Maintaining Body Weight

Table 4

Blood lipid profile and changes in the biochemical indices from baseline to Week 12 for each group.

VariableBaseline
mean (SD)
Change in hazelnut
mean (SE)
Change in chocolate
mean (SE)
Change in control
mean (SE)
Change in potato crisp
mean (SE)
Overall P value*

(n = 118)(n = 32)(n = 29)(n = 27)(n = 25)
TC (mmol/L)4.79 (0.95)−0.06 (0.07)0.22 (0.11)0.10 (0.07)0.05 (0.08)0.211
LDL-C (mmol/L)2.94 (0.84)−0.09 (0.06)0.13 (0.09)0.09 (0.07)−0.06 (0.07)0.231
HDL-C (mmol/L)1.32 (1.30)1.02 (1.02)1.04 (1.03)1.00 (1.02)1.04 (1.02)0.385
TC:HDL-C ratio3.57 (1.34)0.97 (1.02)1.01 (1.03)1.02 (1.02)0.97 (1.02)0.136
TAG (mmol/L)0.98 (1.48)0.99 (1.04)1.05 (1.04)1.03 (1.05)1.04 (1.05)0.600

TC: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TAG: triglyceride.
*Overall P-values adjust for baseline value, sex, baseline age, and baseline BMI.
Geometric mean, accompanied by ratio of geometric mean.