Nuts Improve Diet Quality Compared to Other Energy-Dense Snacks While Maintaining Body Weight

Table 4

Blood lipid profile and changes in the biochemical indices from baseline to Week 12 for each group.


Variable	Baseline mean (SD)	Change in hazelnut mean (SE)	Change in chocolate mean (SE)	Change in control mean (SE)	Change in potato crisp mean (SE)	Overall P value*

	(n = 118)	(n = 32)	(n = 29)	(n = 27)	(n = 25)
TC (mmol/L)	4.79 (0.95)	−0.06 (0.07)	0.22 (0.11)	0.10 (0.07)	0.05 (0.08)	0.211
LDL-C (mmol/L)	2.94 (0.84)	−0.09 (0.06)	0.13 (0.09)	0.09 (0.07)	−0.06 (0.07)	0.231
HDL-C (mmol/L)^∧	1.32 (1.30)	1.02 (1.02)	1.04 (1.03)	1.00 (1.02)	1.04 (1.02)	0.385
TC:HDL-C ratio^∧	3.57 (1.34)	0.97 (1.02)	1.01 (1.03)	1.02 (1.02)	0.97 (1.02)	0.136
TAG (mmol/L)^∧	0.98 (1.48)	0.99 (1.04)	1.05 (1.04)	1.03 (1.05)	1.04 (1.05)	0.600

TC: total cholesterol; LDL-C: low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C: high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; TAG: triglyceride.
*Overall P-values adjust for baseline value, sex, baseline age, and baseline BMI.
^∧Geometric mean, accompanied by ratio of geometric mean.

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism

Nuts Improve Diet Quality Compared to Other Energy-Dense Snacks While Maintaining Body Weight

Table 4