Resistance Training in Type II Diabetes Mellitus: Impact on Areas of Metabolic Dysfunction in Skeletal Muscle and Potential Impact on Bone

Table 1

Summary of resistance training protocol in trials with patients who have type II diabetes.

Study [reference no.]	Duration	Training frequency	Number of Exercises	Sets × Reps	Intensity (%1RM)	Compliance	Training effect	Body weight
Baldi and Snowling [64]	10 wks	3x/wk	10	Wk1: 1 × 12; Wk2–10: 2 × 12	NR	89.6%	Upper and Lower Body Strength ↑8–37%	+1.7 kg
Rose and Richter [65]	Paper reporting from same cohort presented in Castaneda et al. (Below)
Castaneda et al. [66]	16 wks	3x/wk	5	3 × 8	60–80%	90 ± 10%	Upper body Strength ↑36% Lower body Strength ↑51%	+0.2 kg
Dunstan et al. [67]	8 wks	3x/wk	9	Wk1-2: 2 × 10–15 Wk2–8: 3 × 10–15	50–55%	NR	Strength ↑ for all exercises; (↑range: 15–43%)	−0.4 kg
Musi et al. [68]	24 wks	3x/wk	9	3 × 8–10	Wk1-2: 50–60% Wk3–24: 75–85%	88%	Upper body Strength ↑43% Lower Body Strength ↑33%	−2.5 kg
Ibañez et al. [12]	16 wks	2x/wk	7-8	Wk1–8: 3-4 × 10–15; Wk9–16: 3–5 × 5-6	Wk1–8: 50–70% Wk9–16: 70–80%	99.3%	Upper Body Strength ↑18.2% Lower Body Strength ↑17.1%	n/c
Ishii et al. [69]	4–6 wks	5x/wk	9	2 × 10 Upper Body; 2 × 20 Lower Body	40–50%	100%	Lower Body Strength ↑16%	BMI ↓0.6 kg/m^2
Holten et al. [70]	6 wks	3x/wk	3*	Wk1-2: 3 × 10; Wk3–6: 4 × 8–12	50%; 70–80%	100%	Lower Body Strength ↑42–75%	n/c
Ku et al. [71]	12 wks	5x/wk	10	3 × 15–20	40–50%	NR	Upper body Strength ↑12% Lower body Strength ↑11%	−1.1 kg
Misra et al. [13]	12 wks	3x/wk	6	2 × 10	NR	100%	NR	n/c
Praet et al. [72]	10 wks	3x/wk	5	2 × 10	50–60%	83%	Upper body Strength ↑16% Lower body Strength ↑18%	−0.1 kg

RM: repetition maximum; training frequency reported as times per week (x/wk); sets and repetitions reported as number of sets by the number of repetitions (sets × reps); wks: weeks; wk: week; kg: kilograms; BMI: body mass index; m²: meters squared; NR: not reported; n/c = no change; *strength training was performed on one leg only throughout the study; the other leg remained sedentary.