Withdrawal before Effect of training (EX versus Study Animals Intervention measurements respective SED group on the same diet) Diet Exercise Duration Food Exercise BW/VAT Liver fat Ahrens et al., 1972 [12 ] Male Wistar rats; young and mature
HF (ad libitum or pair-fed) with two different carbohydrate sources
SED or EX (1/d, running, 30 min at ~ 13 m/min and 0% incline) 8 wk 12 h ? ↓ /? (both diets, feeding patterns, and age groups)Young: −15% Barakat et al., 1987 [13 ] Female rats; control and alloxan-diabetic SC? (ad libitum) SED or EX (1/d, running, 2 h at 20 m/min and 0% incline) 7 d 0 h 24 h ↔ /? (both groups)Control: −14% (NS ) NS ) Cha et al., 1999 [14 ] Male Sprague-Dawley rats SC or HF (ad libitum) SED or EX (1/d, running, 1.5 h at 150 m/min and 1% incline) 1 mo ? ? SC: ↓ /?↓ /? SC: −24% Chapados et al., 2009 [15 ] Female Sprague-Dawley rats SC or HF (ad libitum) SED or EX (5/wk, running, progressive until 1 h at 26 m/min and 10% incline for the last 4 wk) 8 wk 12 h 48 h SC: ↔ /↓ ↔ /↓ SC: −16% (NS ) NS ) Charbonneau et al., 2005 [16 ] Female Sprague-Dawley rats SC or HF (ad libitum) SED or EX (6/wk, running, progressive until 1 h at 26 m/min and 10% incline for the last 3 wk) 6 wk (+2 wk diet lead-in) 2-3 h 48 h SC: ↔ /↓ ↔ /↓ SC: 0% (NS ) Fukuda et al., 1991 [17 ] Male Wistar rats SC, HF or HChol (ad libitum) SED or EX (voluntary running) 4 wk 3 h ? SC: ↓ /?↓ /?↓ /? SC: −1% (NS ) NS ) NS ) Gauthier et al., 2003 [18 ] Female Sprague-Dawley rats SC or HF (ad libitum) SED or EX (5/wk, running, progressive until 1 h at 26 m/min and 10% incline for the last 4 wk) 8 wk 2 h 48 h SC: ↔ /↓ ↓ /↓↓ SC: +16% (NS ) Gauthier et al., 2004 [19 ] Female Sprague-Dawley rats HF (ad libitum) SED or EX (5/wk, running, progressive until 1 h at 26 m/min and 10% incline for the last 4 wk) 8 wk (+8 wk diet lead-in) 2 h 48 h ↔ /↓ −16% (NS ) Gollisch et al., 2009 [20 ] Female Sprague-Dawley rats SC or HF (ad libitum) SED or EX (voluntary running) 4 wk 10 h 24 h SC: ↔ /↓ ↓ /↓↓ SC: −16% (NS ) Hao et al., 2010 [21 ] Female Sprague-Dawley rats; sham-operated or OVX with and without E2 SC (ad libitum)
SED or EX (5/wk, running, 1 h at 18 m/min and 0% incline) 12 wk ? 24 h Sham: ↔ /↔ ↓ /↓ ↔ /↔
Sham: −24%NS ) Karanth and Jeevaratnam, 2009 [22 ] Male Wistar rats HF rich in SFA or MUFA (ad libitum) with carnitine or not SED or EX (6/wk, swimming, 1 h) 6 mo Overnight 20 h ↔ /? (both diets)SFA: −35% Lessard et al., 2007 [23 ] Male Sprague-Dawley rats HF (ad libitum) SED or EX (5/wk, running, progressive until 1 h at 32 m/min and 15% incline for the last 3 wk) 4 wk (+4 wk diet lead-in) 8–12 h 36–48 h ↓ /↓ −41% Lira et al., 2008 [24 ] Male Wistar rats; control and tumor-bearing SC (ad libitum) SED or EX (5/wk, running, progressive until 1 h at 20 m/min and 0% incline for the last 2 wk) 8 wk ? 24 h ↓ /? (both groups)Control: −30% Morifuji et al., 2006 [25 ] Male Sprague-Dawley rats SC with casein or soya as protein source (ad libitum) SED or EX (6/wk, swimming, 2 h) 2 wk Nonfasting 24 h ↓ /↓ (both groups)Casein: −21% Narayan et al., 1975 [26 ] Male Holtzman rats SC or HF (ad libitum) SED or EX (5/wk, running, progressive until 80–85 min at 23 m/min and 8.5% incline for the last 3 wk) 6 wk Nonfasting 24 h ?/? SC: +81% (NS ) Petridou et al., 2005 [27 ] Male Wistar rats SC (ad libitum) SED or EX (voluntary running) 8 wk 6 h 12 h ?/? −12% (NS ) Pighon et al., 2010 [28 ] Female Sprague-Dawley rats SC (ad libitum) SED or EX (5/wk, running, progressive until 1 h min at 26 m/min and 10% incline for the last 4 wk) 6 wk 3 h 48 h ↔ /↓ +1% (NS ) Pighon et al., 2010 [28 ] Female Sprague-Dawley rats; sham-operated or OVX with and without E2 SC (ad libitum) SED or EX (5/wk, running, progressive until 1 h min at 26 m/min and 10% incline for the last 3 wk) 5 wk 3 h 48 h ↓ /↓ (all groups)Sham: −1% (NS )NS ) Rector et al., 2008 [29 ]
Male OLETF rats (obese and diabetic) SC (ad libitum)
SED or EX (voluntary running) 16 wk 5 h 48 h ↓ /↓ −45% Rothfeld et al., 1977 [30 ] Male Sprague-Dawley rats HF (pair-fed) SED or EX (voluntary running) 3 wk ? ? ?/? −14% Straczkowski et al., 2001 [31 ] Male Wistar rats SC for wk 0–3 and SC or HF for wk 4–6 (pair-fed) SED or EX (6/wk, running, 3 h at 20 m/min and 10% incline) 6 wk ? 48 h ↓ /? (both diets)SC: +97%NS ) Terao et al., 1987 [32 ] Male Wistar rats HChol (ad libitum) SED or EX (5/wk, running, progressive until 1 h at 20 m/min and 0% incline for the last 2 wk) 5 wk (+5 wk SC diet lead-in) ? ? ↓ /?−16% (NS ) Tsutsumi et al., 2001 [33 ] Male Sprague-Dawley old rats SC (ad libitum) SED or EX (1/d, running, 30 min at 15 m/min and 10% incline) 3 mo ~ 12 h~ 12 h↓ /↓ −41% Vieira et al., 2009 [34 ] Male C57BL/6, HF diet-induced obese mice SC or HF (ad libitum) SED or EX (5/wk, running, 40 min at 12 m/min and 12% incline) 6 wk 12 h 48 h SC: ↔ /↔ ↓ /↓ SC: −49% (NS ) NS ) Vieira et al., 2009 [34 ] Male C57BL/6, HF diet-induced obese mice SC or HF (ad libitum) SED or EX (5/wk, running, 40 min at 12 m/min and 12% incline) 12 wk 12 h 48 h SC: ↔ /↓ ↓ /↓ SC: −72% Vieira et al., 2009 [35 ] Male Balb/cByJ mice (with defective fatty acid oxidation) SC or HF (ad libitum) SED or EX (5/wk, running, 1 h at 12 m/min and 5% incline) 12 wk 12 h 48 h SC: ↔ /?↓ /? SC: −5% (NS )
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) Yasari et al., 2006 [36 ] Female Sprague-Dawley rats SC (ad libitum) SED or EX (5/wk, running, progressive until 1 h at 26 m/min and 10% incline for the last 4 wk) 8 wk 3 h 48 h ↔ /↓ −9% (NS ) Yasari et al., 2010 [37 ] Female Sprague-Dawley rats SC for wk 0–6 and SC or HF for wk 7-8 (ad libitum) SED or EX (5/wk, running, progressive until 1 h at 26 m/min and 10% incline for the last 4 wk) 8 wk 3 h 36–48 h ↔ /↓ (both diets)SC: −13% (NS ) NS )
