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Plant source only |
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Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)/World Health Organization (WHO): |
“Dietary fibre consists of intrinsic plant cell wall polysaccharides” [40] |
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Categorize fiber types based on source |
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Institute of Medicine (IOM): |
“Dietary fiber consists of nondigestible carbohydrates and lignin that are intrinsic and intact in plants |
Functional fiber consists of isolated, nondigestible carbohydrates that have beneficial physiological effects in humans |
Total fibre is the sum of dietary fibre and functional fiber” [368] |
Health Canada1: |
“Dietary fibre consists of the endogenous components of plant material in the diet which are resistant to digestion by enzymes produced by |
humans. They are predominantly nonstarch polysaccharides and lignin and may include, in addition, associated substances” [369] |
“Novel Fibre or Novel Fibre Source means a food that is manufactured to be a source of dietary fibre, and |
(i) that has not traditionally been used for human consumption to any significant extent, or |
(ii) that has been chemically processed, for example, oxidized, or physically processed, for example, very finely ground, so as to modify |
the properties of the fibre contained therein, or |
(iii) that has been highly concentrated from its plant source” [370] |
Codex Alimentarius Commission2: |
“Dietary fibre means carbohydrate polymers with ten or more monomeric units, which are not hydrolysed by the endogenous enzymes in |
the small intestine of humans and belong to the following categories: |
(i) edible carbohydrate polymers naturally occurring in the food as consumed, |
(ii) carbohydrate polymers which have been obtained from food raw material by physical, enzymatic, or chemical means and which |
have been shown to have a physiological effect of benefit to health as demonstrated by generally accepted scientific evidence to |
competent authorities, |
Synthetic carbohydrates polymers which have been shown to have a physiological effect of benefit to health as |
demonstrated by generally accepted scientific evidence to competent authorities” [30] |
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No categorization of fibers based on source |
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European Food Safety Authority (EFSA): |
“Nondigestible carbohydrates plus lignin” [371] |
Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ), formerly Australia New Zealand Food Authority (ANZFA) |
“Dietary fibre means the fraction of the edible part of plants or their extracts, or synthetic analogues that |
(a) are resistant to the digestion and absorption in the small intestine, usually with complete or partial fermentation in the large |
intestine; |
(b) promote one or more of the following beneficial physiological effects: |
(i) laxation, |
(ii) reduction in blood cholesterol, |
(iii) modulation of blood glucose, |
and includes polysaccharides, oligosaccharides (DP < 2), and lignin” [372] |
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