Reported as mean ± SEM.
1Gross energy content of breast milk was converted into metabolizable energy (ME) levels by multiplying the classic Atwater factors 4, 4, 9 kcal/g for carbohydrate, protein, and lipid, respectively, and by assuming 93% of gross breast milk energy reported by bomb calorimetry methods is metabolizable.
*Mature milk > 14 days and <6 weeks.
** Indicates value below current infant formula level 67.0kcal/100 mL.