Effects on Metabolic Health after a 1-Year-Lifestyle Intervention in Overweight and Obese Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 1
Baseline characteristics; anthropometric measures, and fasting blood values, of overweight and obese children presented as mean (standard deviation).
Intervention group n = 48
Control group n = 45 or
Age (years)
10.5 (1.15)
10.5 (1.02)
0.914
Weight (kg)
52.1 (9.95)
50.4 (9.99)
0.402
Height (cm)
149 (7.86)
149 (8.64)
0.951
BMI (kg/m2)
23.4 (2.79)
22.6 (2.39)
0.148
BMI z-score***
2.03 (0.88)
1.77 (0.71)
0.130
BMI z-score†
3.23 (1.34)
2.75 (1.04)
0.057
Waist circumference (cm)
78.0 (10.1)
74.7 (8.80)
0.094
Hip circumference (cm)
89.4 (7.53)
87.1 (7.57)
0.145
Waist/hip ratio
0.87 (0.07)
0.86 (0.07)
0.352
Sagittal abdominal diameter (cm)
17.6 (2.53)
17.0 (1.82)
0.153
Fat mass (kg)
19.8 (6.19)
17.9 (4.97)
0.121
Fat mass (%)
39.2 (6.17)
37.0 (4.33)
0.044
Truncal fat mass (%)
38.4 (7.46)
36.2 (5.42)
0.115
Diastolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
66.6 (5.60)
66.7 (6.14)
0.959
Systolic blood pressure (mm Hg)
112 (8.92)
113 (8.80)
0.739
Total cholesterol (mmol/L)
4.44 (0.91)
4.51 (0.82)
0.711
LDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
2.58 (0.78)
2.71 (0.74)
0.415
HDL-cholesterol (mmol/L)
1.46 (0.32)
1.35 (0.28)
0.104
Triglycerides (mmol/L)
0.88 (0.53)
0.95 (0.39)
0.498
Apolipoprotein B (mg/L)
745 (173)
782 (174)
0.316
Apolipoprotein A1 (mg/L)
1350 (182)
1330 (169)
0.708
Apolipoprotein B/A1 ratio
0.56 (0.14)
0.59 (0.14)
0.280
Glucose (mmol/L)
4.52 (0.43)
4.65 (0.42)
0.157
Insulin (mU/L)
10.3 (6.77)
10.2 (6.82)
0.976
HOMA-index
2.06 (1.37)
2.18 (1.65)
0.722
Hb A1c (%)
4.03 (0.24)
3.98 (0.27)
0.337
*One child refused to give a blood sample. value for difference between groups from independent samples t-test.
***Reference population from CDC in the USA [21]. †Reference population from a Swedish population-based study [22].
