Dietary Conjugated Linoleic Acid and Hepatic Steatosis: Species-Specific Effects on Liver and Adipose Lipid Metabolism and Gene Expression

Table 3

Summary of literature studies on amelioration of CLA induced hepatic steatosis.

			% Added dietary CLA
Reference	No. per treatment	Study days	CLA Mix	trans-10 cis-12	Treatment	Treatment dose, %^1	Observations
[136]	3 to 6	28	2.0	0.95	Leptin	5 μg/d	↓ Hepatic steatosis, ↑ insulin sensitivity,
[40]	5 to 14	30	1.0	0.72	Leptin	5 μg/d	↑ insulin sensitivity, ameliorated hepatic steatosis
[49]	5	28	1.5	0.60	Rosiglitazone	10 mg/kg BW	↑ Insulin sensitivity, prevented depletion of epididymal adipose tissue
[35]	10	42	2.0	1.00	Rosiglitazone	10 mg/kg BW	↓ Hepatic TG content, ↓ hepatic lipogenesis,↑ serum leptin and adiponectin, prevents lipodystrophy
[140]	7	28	3.0	0.98	Arachidonic acid	1, 2	↓ Induction of hepatic steatosis, ↑ liver PGE2, ↑ epididymal adipose
[44]	7	28	—	1.20	γ-Linolenic acid	5	↓ Hepatic steatosis, ↑ PGE2
[38]	10	56	—	0.50	Flax seed oil (α- Linolenic acid)	0.39	↓ Steatosis, ↑ n-3 and n-6 PUFA in liver
[27]	7 to 8	22	1.0	0.50	Fish oil	1.5, 3, 6	↑ Leptin and Adiponectin, ↓ Insulin, ↓ TG in liver, ↑ fat pad
[141]	10	105	1.0	0.50	Pine oil	7.5	Serum insulin levels stabilized over 3 weeks
[135]	5 to 6	100	1.0	0.35	34% dietary fat		Normal plasma insulin levels, ↑ liver weight
[45]	6	28	2.0	0.74	DHA	0.5	↓ Fatty liver, ↓ FA synthesis, plasma leptin, and adiponectin unaffected
[142]	10	56	—	0.50	DHA, EPA	0.5, 0.5	Prevented hepatic steatosis, partially restored plasma leptin, only DHA restored plasma adiponectin

¹Percentage in the diet except wherever noted.