Hyperleptinemia, Adiposity, and Risk of Metabolic Syndrome in Older Adults
Table 2
Baseline characteristics of women by serum leptin quintile1.
Serum leptin quintile
1
2
3
4
5
Women (n (%))
113 (19.9)
114 (20.7)
113 (19.9)
114 (20.7)
114 (20.7)
Mean serum leptin (ng/mL)3
5.24 (±0.21)
10.01 (±0.11)2
15.28 (±0.18)2
21.97 (±0.23)2
39.67 (±1.1)2
Demographic and behavioral factors
Age (years)3
75.35 (±0.30)
75.35 (±0.30)
75.05 (±0.29)
74.76 (±0.27)
75.27 (±0.28)
Race (% white)
80
73
71
452
412
Alcohol use (% any consumption)
44
49
50
45
42
Education (% completed high school)
88
87
84
712
78 2
Smoking (lifetime pack-years)3
13.5 (±2.5)
8.29 (±1.70)
12.7 (±2.3)
11.3 (±2.27)
5.75 (±1.43)2
Physical activity (kcal/kg/week)3
5.52 (±1.04)
5.75 (±1.05)
5.72 (±1.24)
2.83 (±0.65)
7.31 (±2.76)
Dietary and anthropometric variables
Total calorie intake (kcal)4
1612 (±63.6)
1793 (±85.4)
1650 (±68.0)
1690 (±67.3)
1654 (±64.9)
BMI (kg/m2)3
22.16 (±0.32)
24.17 (±0.31)2
25.66 (±0.34)2
27.9 (±0.41)2
30.3 (±0.46)2
Total body fat (%)3
34.18 (±0.52)
38 (±0.43)2
39.76 (±0.39)2
42.3 (±0.35)2
44.7 (±0.37)2
Abdominal circumference (cm)3
84.74 (±1.06)
88.9 (±0.98)
95.5 (±1.08)2
99.7 (±1.56)2
103.88 (±1.33)2
Abdominal visceral fat (cm2)3
78.6 (±3.8)
104.3 (±4.6)2
109.3 (±4.56)2
121 (±4.2)2
139.45 (±4.74)2
Abdominal subcutaneous fat (cm2)3
219.9 (±8.3)
267 (±7.8)2
306.2 (±9.1)2
370 (±9.5)2
418.12 (±11.3)2
Clinical and biochemical variables
Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)3
69 (±1.1)
71 (±1.13)
66.94 (±1.2)
71 (±1.09)
68.5 (±1.1)
Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)3
130 (±2.14)
137 (±2.01)2
131.1 (±1.9)
135 (±2.1)
132.2 (±2.19)
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)3
87 (±0.84)
91 (±1.6)
91.2 (±1.8)
92.8 (±1.1)2
92.0 (±0.78)2
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL) 3
67 (±1.37)
68 (±1.7)
64.9 (±1.48)
63.7 (±1.49)
64.3 (±1.44)
Triglycerides (mg/dL)3
101.45 (±3.7)
113 (±4.99)
113 (±5.0)
110.4 (±4.20)
111.7 (±4.31)
C-reactive protein (g/dL)3
1.52 (±0.16)
2.33 (±0.31)
2.27 (±0.18)
3.18 (±0.33)2
3.3 (±0.56)2
PAI-1 (ng/mL)3
17.5 (±1.43)
24.3 (±2.57)
22.2 (±2.10)
28.9 (±2.10)2
27.5 (±2.18)2
IL-6 (pg/mL)3
1.78 (±0.16)
1.74 (±0.16)
1.96 (±0.21)
2.67 (±0.28)2
2.17 (±0.18)
TNF-alpha (pg/mL)3
2.76 (±0.11)
2.98 (±0.11)
2.94 (±0.11)
3.13 (±0.12)
3.31 (±0.25)2
Means (±SEM), unless otherwise specified.
2Significantly different from leptin quintile 1 (Dunnett’s test for continuous variables and chi-square test for categorical variables).
3Values from baseline of the Health ABC study.
4Values from year 2 of the Health ABC study.
