Serum Metabolomic Response to Long-Term Supplementation with all-rac-α-Tocopheryl Acetate in a Randomized Controlled Trial
Table 2
Metabolites that changed significantly () in response to ATA supplementation in the ATBC Study, ranked by statistical significance (smallest to largest value).
Metabolite
Chemical class
Number > at baseline
Number > at follow-up
Effect size
value
Alpha-CEHC sulfate
Cofactors and vitamins
39
151
1.512
Alpha-CEHC glucuronide
Cofactors and vitamins
4
87
1.412
Alpha-tocopherol
Cofactors and vitamins
200
200
0.974
Gamma-tocopherol
Cofactors and vitamins
196
188
−0.902
Beta-tocopherol
Cofactors and vitamins
199
186
−0.731
Fructose
Carbohydrate
200
200
0.401
0.0043
Glutarylcarnitine (C5)
Amino acid
200
200
−0.400
0.0044
Beta-alanine
Amino acid
200
200
−0.386
0.0061
Ornithine
Amino acid
200
200
−0.363
0.0100
N6-acetyllysine
Amino acid
200
200
−0.357
0.0112
Gamma-glutamylisoleucine
Peptide
200
200
−0.332
0.0185
2-Ethylhexanoate
Xenobiotics
200
200
0.316
0.0253
Bilirubin (E,Z or Z,E)
Cofactors and vitamins
184
190
0.312
0.0268
Seryl-leucine
Peptide
179
184
−0.306
0.0300
Gamma-CEHC glucuronide
Cofactors and vitamins
90
127
0.303
0.0319
Bradykinin, des-arg(9)
Peptide
192
194
0.303
0.0320
Arabinose
Carbohydrate
117
165
−0.302
0.0325
3-Hydroxydecanoate
Lipid
200
200
0.301
0.0327
Linolenate [alpha or gamma; (18:3n3 or 6)]
Lipid
200
200
0.301
0.0328
Phenylalanylarginine
Peptide
133
158
0.297
0.0352
3-Hydroxypropanoate
Lipid
200
200
−0.297
0.0355
Inositol 1-phosphate (I1P)
Lipid
200
200
0.293
0.0377
5 alpha-androstan-3 alpha,17 beta-diol disulfate
Lipid
183
171
0.287
0.0425
Creatinine
Amino acid
200
200
−0.277
0.0496
LOD = limit of detection. Effect size denotes the change in metabolite level (expressed in number of standard deviations on the log scale) for the ATA arm versus the no ATA arm. The effect size and value were estimated by linear regression.
