Hypercysteinemia, A Potential Risk Factor for Central Obesity and Related Disorders in Azores, Portugal
Table 1
Demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics of subjects from Ponta Delgada (PDL) and Lisbon groups.
All
Women
Men
PDL (101)
Lisbon (121)
PDL (61)
Lisbon (59)
PDL (40)
Lisbon (62)
Age (years)
42 ± 13
43 ± 15
42 ± 13
42 ± 16
41 ± 11
44 ± 15
Male (%)
40
51
—
—
—
—
BMI (kg/m2)
26 ± 4
26 ± 6
25 ± 5
26 ± 7
27 ± 3
26 ± 4
Obesity (%)
14
17
11
19
17
16
Central obesity (%)
35
21
31
27
40
16‡
Waist circumference (cm)
89 ± 15
87 ± 14
84 ± 14
83 ± 15
97 ± 11
92 ± 11
Menopause (%)
33
36
33
36
—
—
Current smoker (%)
27
26
26
20
27
32
Current alcohol use (%)
70
66
62
47
81
84
No physical activity (%)
43
28
34
27
56
28
Blood pressure (mmHg)
Systolic BP
121 ± 17
121 ± 21
120 ± 19
116 ± 22
122 ± 12
126 ± 9
Diastolic BP
73 ± 12
78 ± 12
72 ± 13
77 ± 13
74 ± 9
80 ± 11
Hypertension (%)
30
30
32
31
27
29
Creatinine (mg/dL)
0.83 ± 0.2
0.78 ± 0.2
0.74 ± 0.1
0.66 ± 0.1
0.97 ± 0.1
0.91 ± 0.1
Urea (mg/dL)
31 ± 8
32 ± 9
29 ± 8
29 ± 8
34 ± 7
34 ± 8
Uric acid (mg/dL)
5.2 ± 1
5.2 ± 1
4.5 ± 1
4.3 ± 1
6.3 ± 1
6.1 ± 1
Glucose (mg/dL)
90 ± 9
87 ± 11
88 ± 9
84 ± 10
93 ± 8
89 ± 12
Insulin (μU/mL)
10.3 ± 6
9.2 ± 5
9.9 ± 6
8.7 ± 4
10.9 ± 5
9.6 ± 6
HOMA-IR score
2.4 ± 2
2.0 ± 1
2.3 ± 2
1.9 ± 1
2.5 ± 1
2.2 ± 2
HOMA-IR ≥ 2.73 (%)
32
21
26
17
40
24
Serum lipids (mg/dL)
TC
197 ± 34
193 ± 38
203 ± 34
197 ± 43
187 ± 32
190 ± 33
HDL-c
60 ± 19
55 ± 14
68 ± 18
61 ± 12
48 ± 13
49 ± 14
LDL-c
117 ± 29
121 ± 35
116 ± 30
119 ± 40
119 ± 29
124 ± 29
TG
105 ± 57
105 ± 54
99 ± 54
100 ± 49
113 ± 60
110 ± 58
Dyslipidemia (%)
37
41
28
34
50
47
Medicine intake (%)
Oral contraceptives
39
14
39
14
—
—
Statins
16
15
13
17
20
13
Antihypertensives
23
20
23
24
23
16
Antiaggregants
12
3
13
0
10
5
Values are presented as mean ± SD, except otherwise indicated. Figures in parentheses are the number of subjects (n). for Lisbon group vs. PDL group; for Lisbon women vs. PDL women; for Lisbon men vs. PDL men.