Intestinal Permeability Measured by Urinary Sucrose Excretion Correlates with Serum Zonulin and Faecal Calprotectin Concentrations in UC Patients in Remission
Table 1
Intestinal permeability and inflammation measured in urine, faeces, and serum samples at three time points during the study.
Probiotic group ()
Placebo group ()
Week 0
Week 6
Week 12
Week 0
Week 6
Week 12
Urinary sucrose excretion (μmol)
17.8 ± 15.2
31.2 ± 23.8
25.4 ± 18.3
17.6 ± 11.4
21.3 ± 28.3
22.1 ± 28.3
Urinary L/R ratio
0.02 ± 0.02
0.06 ± 0.05
0.04 ± 0.04
0.05 ± 0.03
0.05 ± 0.04
0.04 ± 0.03
Urinary S/E 5–24 h ratio
0.04 ± 0.03
0.04 ± 0.02
0.04 ± 0.01
0.04 ± 0.02
0.04 ± 0.02
0.04 ± 0.02
Urinary S/E 24 h ratio
0.04 ± 0.01
0.03 ± 0.01
0.04 ± 0.01
0.03 ± 0.01
0.03 ± 0.01
0.03 ± 0.01
Serum zonulin (ng/mL)
58.3 ± 25.7
50.0 ± 17.4
49.6 ± 23.6
51.0 ± 22.2
45.8 ± 9.7
51.8 ± 17.9
Faecal zonulin (ng/mL)
95.6 ± 52.3
113.1 ± 69.1
89.6 ± 64.7
91.0 ± 53.3
127.1 ± 100.9
118.4 ± 91.9
C-reactive protein ( mg/mL)
2/13
0/13
2/13
1/12
2/12
1/12
IFNγ (pg/mL)
11.5 ± 7.0
17.4 ± 15.3
42.2 ± 42.5
8.4 ± 4.9
12.7 ± 8.8
19.3 ± 9.4
IL-10 (pg/mL)
0.5 ± 0.7
0.4 ± 0.7
0.4 ± 0.5
0.6 ± 0.9
0.8 ± 1.4
0.3 ± 0.1
IL-6 (pg/mL)
0.8 ± 0.8
0.7 ± 0.6
0.8 ± 0.5
0.7 ± 0.4
0.7 ± 0.5
0.8 ± 0.4
TNFα (pg/mL)
2.2 ± 0.8
2.2 ± 0.8
2.3 ± 0.7
2.2 ± 0.6
2.3 ± 0.6
2.0 ± 0.4
Calprotectin (µg/g)
17.0
11.0
21.0
46.0
65.5
56.0
L/R: lactulose/rhamnose ratio; S/E: sucralose/erythritol ratio. No significant differences between time periods or between groups were found. All values are in mean ± SD except for CRP (fraction) and calprotectin (median).
