Research Article
Awareness of the Consumption of Dietary Supplements among Students in a University in Saudi Arabia
Table 4
Relationships between demographic characteristics and dietary awareness (chi-square).
| | | College | Academic level | Marital status | | Science and health | Humanitarian and community service | Total | Basic level to level 4 | Level 5 to level 10 | Total | Single | Married | Separated or widowed | Total |
| | What is a dietary supplement? | | Preparations for supplementing the diet | 376 | 306 | 682 (89.9) | 159 | 523 | 682 (89.9) | 595 | 79 | 8 | 682 (89.9) | | Special diet | 16 | 22 | 38 (5.0) | 10 | 28 | 38 (5.0) | 25 | 13 | 0 | 38 (5.0) | | I do not know | 13 | 26 | 39 (5.1) | 9 | 30 | 39 (5.1) | 36 | 3 | 0 | 39 (5.1) | | Total | 405 (53.3) | 354 (46.7) | 759 (100) | 178 (23.5) | 581 (76.6) | 759 (100) | 656 (86.4) | 95 (12.5) | 8 (1.1) | 759 (100) | | 0.011 | 0.912 | 0.001 | | Does taking dietary supplements improve health? | | Yes | 174 | 157 | 331 (43.6) | 71 | 260 | 331 (43.6) | 280 | 48 | 3 | 331 (43.6) | | No | 11 | 13 | 24 (3.2) | 8 | 16 | 24 (3.2) | 21 | 2 | 1 | 24 (3.2) | | I do not know | 19 | 18 | 37 (4.9) | 11 | 26 | 37 (4.9) | 36 | 1 | 0 | 37 (4.9) | | Sometimes | 201 | 166 | 367 (48.4) | 88 | 279 | 367 (48.4) | 319 | 44 | 4 | 367 (48.4) | | Total | 405 (53.3) | 354 (46.7) | 759 (100) | 178 (23.5) | 581 (76.6) | 759 (100) | 656 (86.4) | 95 (12.5) | 8 (1.1) | 759 (100) | | 0.806 | 0.405 | 0.267 | | Are dietary supplements safe? | | Yes | 207 | 197 | 404 (53.2) | 90 | 314 | 404 (53.2) | 340 | 60 | 4 | 404 (53.2) | | No | 49 | 39 | 88 (11.6) | 19 | 69 | 88 (11.6) | 74 | 13 | 1 | 88 (11.6) | | I do not know | 149 | 118 | 267 (35.2) | 69 | 198 | 267 (35.2) | 242 | 22 | 3 | 267 (35.2) | | Total | 405 (53.3) | 354 (46.7) | 759 (100) | 178 (23.5) | 581 (76.6) | 759 (100) | 656 (86.4) | 95 (12.5) | 8 (1.1) | 759 (100) | | 0.458 | 0.514 | 0.141 | | According to Saudi dietary guidelines, how many daily servings of fruits should be consumed? | | 0–1 | 41 | 38 | 79 (10.4) | 23 | 56 | 79 (10.4) | 72 | 7 | 0 | 79 (10.4) | | 2–4 | 285 | 241 | 526 (69.3) | 120 | 406 | 526 (69.3) | 450 | 68 | 8 | 526 (69.3) | | >4 | 79 | 75 | 154 (20.3) | 35 | 119 | 154 (20.3) | 134 | 20 | 0 | 154 (20.3) | | Total | 405 (53.3) | 354 (46.7) | 759 (100) | 178 (23.5) | 581 (76.6) | 759 (100) | 656 (86.4) | 95 (12.5) | 8 (1.1) | 759 (100) | | 0.789 | 0.455 | 0.315 | | According to Saudi dietary guidelines, how many daily servings of vegetables should be consumed? | | 0–2 | 32 | 39 | 71 (9.4) | 24 | 47 | 71 (9.4) | 64 | 7 | 0 | 71 (9.4) | | 3–5 | 280 | 229 | 509 (67.1) | 113 | 396 | 509 (67.1) | 435 | 67 | 7 | 509 (67.1) | | >5 | 93 | 86 | 179 (23.6) | 41 | 138 | 179 (23.6) | 157 | 21 | 1 | 179 (23.6) | | Total | 405 (53.3) | 354 (46.7) | 759 (100) | 178 (23.5) | 581 (76.6) | 759 (100) | 656 (86.4) | 95 (12.5) | 8 (1.1) | 759 (100) | | 0.265 | 0.095 | 0.640 | | Do you take supplements? | | Yes | 126 | 119 | 245 (32.3) | 50 | 195 | 245 (32.3) | 194 | 48 | 3 | 245 (32.3) | | No | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | | Sometimes | 279 | 235 | 514 (67.7) | 128 | 386 | 514 (67.7) | 462 | 47 | 5 | 514 (67.7) | | Total | 405 (53.3) | 354 (46.7) | 759 (100) | 178 (23.5) | 581 (76.6) | 759 (100) | 656 (86.4) | 95 (12.5) | 8 (1.1) | 759 (100) | | 0.484 | 0.200 | 0.000 |
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| | | Income | Father’s educational level | Mother’s educational level | Type of family | | SR 10.000 or less | >SR 10.000 | Total | Secondary level or less | University level or higher | Total | Secondary level or less | University level or higher | Total | Nuclear | Complex | Total |
| | What is a dietary supplement? | | Preparations for supplementing the diet | 379 | 303 | 682 (89.9) | 330 | 352 | 682 (89.9) | 444 | 238 | 682 (89.9) | 507 | 175 | 682 (89.9) | | Special diet | 24 | 14 | 38 (5.0) | 20 | 18 | 38 (5.0) | 24 | 14 | 38 (5.0) | 26 | 12 | 38 (5.0) | | I do not know | 17 | 22 | 39 (5.1) | 15 | 24 | 39 (5.1) | 24 | 15 | 39 (5.1) | 33 | 6 | 39 (5.1) | | Total | 420 (55.3) | 339 (44.7) | 759 (100) | 365 (48.1) | 394 (51.9) | 759 (100) | 492 (64.8) | 267 (35.2) | 759 (100) | 566 (74.6) | 193 (25.4) | 759 (100) | | 0.564 | 0.127 | 0.945 | 0.240 | | Does taking dietary supplements improve health? | | Yes | 177 | 154 | 331 (43.6) | 152 | 179 | 331 (43.6) | 217 | 114 | 331 (43.6) | 239 | 92 | 331 (43.6) | | No | 16 | 8 | 24 (3.2) | 14 | 10 | 24 (3.2) | 16 | 8 | 24 (3.2) | 18 | 6 | 24 (3.2) | | I do not know | 22 | 15 | 37 (4.9) | 15 | 22 | 37 (4.9) | 23 | 14 | 37 (4.9) | 28 | 9 | 37 (4.9) | | Sometimes | 205 | 162 | 367 (48.4) | 184 | 174 | 367 (48.2) | 236 | 131 | 367 (48.4) | 281 | 86 | 367 (48.2) | | Total | 420 (55.3) | 339 (44.7) | 759 (100) | 365 (48.1) | 394 (51.9) | 759 (100) | 492 (64.8) | 267 (35.2) | 759 (100) | 566 (74.6) | 193 (25.4) | 759 (100) | | 0.488 | 0.029 | 0.770 | 0.621 | | Are dietary supplements safe? | | Yes | 217 | 187 | 404 (53.2) | 182 | 222 | 404 (53.2) | 260 | 144 | 404 (53.2) | 290 | 114 | 404 (53.2) | | No | 52 | 36 | 88 (11.6) | 41 | 47 | 88 (11.6) | 53 | 35 | 88 (11.6) | 66 | 22 | 88 (11.6) | | I do not know | 151 | 116 | 267 (35.2) | 142 | 125 | 267 (35.2) | 179 | 88 | 267 (35.2) | 210 | 57 | 267 (35.2) | | Total | 420 (55.3) | 339 (44.7) | 759 (100) | 365 (48.1) | 394 (51.9) | 759 (100) | 492 (64.8) | 267 (35.2) | 759 (100) | 566 (74.6) | 193 (25.4) | 759 (100) | | 0.818 | 0.204 | 0.535 | 0.135 | | According to Saudi dietary guidelines, how many daily servings of fruits should be consumed? | | 0–1 | 40 | 39 | 79 (10.4) | 39 | 40 | 79 (10.4) | 53 | 26 | 79 (10.4) | 56 | 23 | 79 (10.4) | | 2–4 | 292 | 234 | 526 (69.3) | 244 | 282 | 526 (69.3) | 340 | 186 | 526 (69.3) | 397 | 129 | 526 (69.3) | | >4 | 88 | 66 | 154 (20.3) | 82 | 72 | 154 (20.3) | 99 | 55 | 154 (20.3) | 113 | 41 | 154 (20.3) | | Total | 420 (55.3) | 339 (44.7) | 759 (100) | 365 (48.1%) | 394 (51.9) | 759 (100) | 492 (64.8) | 267 (35.9) | 759 (100) | 566 (74.6) | 193 (25.4) | 759 (100) | | 0.249 | 0.368 | 0.704 | 0.635 | | According to Saudi dietary guidelines, how many daily servings of vegetables should be consumed? | | 0–2 | 40 | 31 | 71 (9.4) | 35 | 36 | 71 (9.4) | 50 | 21 | 71 (9.4) | 51 | 20 | 71 (9.4) | | 3–5 | 277 | 232 | 509 (67.1) | 241 | 268 | 509 (67.1) | 329 | 180 | 509 (67.1) | 383 | 126 | 509 (67.1) | | >5 | 103 | 76 | 179 (23.6) | 89 | 90 | 179 (23.6) | 113 | 66 | 179 (23.6) | 132 | 47 | 179 (23.6) | | Total | 420 (55.3 | 339 (44.7) | 759 (100) | 365 (48.1) | 394 (51.9) | 759 (100) | 492 (64.8) | 267 (35.2) | 759 (100) | 566 (74.6) | 193 (25.4) | 759 (100) | | 0.990 | 0.672 | 0.595 | 0.791 | | Do you take supplements? | | Yes | 128 | 117 | 245 (32.3) | 118 | 127 | 245 (32.3) | 156 | 89 | 245 (32.3) | 174 | 71 | 245 (32.3) | | No | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | 0 | 0 | 0 (0) | | Sometimes | 292 | 222 | 514 (67.7) | 247 | 267 | 514 (67.7) | 336 | 178 | 514 (67.7) | 392 | 122 | 514 (67.7) | | Total | 420 (55.3) | 339 (44.7) | 759 (100) | 365 (48.1) | 394 (51.9) | 759 (100) | 492 (64.8) | 267 (35.2) | 759 (100) | 566 (74.6) | 193 (25.4) | 759 (100) | | 0.699 | 0.600 | 0.316 | 0.130 |
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