Chronic Energy Deficiency and Its Determinant Factors among Adults Aged 18–59 Years in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Table 1

Descriptive statistics of the study sample (N = 9280).

Characteristics	Overall, n (wt.%)
Family size
<5	3616 (35.1)
≥5	5664 (64.9)
Number of children in the household
<5	7051 (74.5)
≥5	2229 (25.5)
Anemia
Yes	694 (7.0)
No	8586 (93.0)
Sex of household head
Male	8035 (89.2)
Female	1245 (10.8)
Age
18–29	4297 (44.4)
30–44	3390 (37.5)
45–59	1593 (18.0)
Educational status
No education	2949 (34.2)
Primary	3709 (44.0)
Secondary	1519 (13.9)
Higher	1103 (8.0)
Occupational status
Not working	1233 (8.4)
Working	8047 (91.6)
Marital status of the respondent
Married	5845 (63.7)
Others	3435 (36.3)
Place of residence
Urban	2406 (16.2)
Rural	6874 (83.8)
Religion of respondent
Orthodox	4020 (45.2)
Catholic	68 (0.7)
Protestant	1638 (22.0)
Muslim	3462 (31.0)
Traditional	27 (0.3)
Others	65 (0.9)
Household wealth index
Poor	3661 (35.9)
Middle	1383 (20.2)
Rich	4236 (43.9)
Region
Tigray	979 (6.3)
Afar	515 (0.6)
Amhara	1403 (27.5)
Oromia	1304 (36.5)
Somalia	710 (2.3)
Benishangul	728 (0.9)
SNNPR	1271 (21.0)
Gambella	655 (0.3)
Harari	420 (0.2)
Dire Dawa	558 (0.5)
Addis Ababa	737 (3.8)
Alcohol intake
Yes	4304 (48.3)
No	4976 (51.7)
Chat chewing
Yes	3002 (28.6)
No	6278 (71.4)
Chronic energy deficiency
Yes	2911 (28.7)
No	6369 (71.3)

Separated, widowed, divorced, living with a partner, and single. SNNPR, Southern Nations, Nationalities, and Peoples’ Region. Weighted percentages were obtained to control for complex sample design.