Research Article
Chronic Energy Deficiency and Its Determinant Factors among Adults Aged 18–59 Years in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 2
Characteristics of the study sample by chronic energy deficiency (N = 9280).
| | Characteristics | Chronic energy deficiency | | | Yes, n (wt.%) | No, n (wt.%) |
| | Family size | | <5 | 1040 (27.4) | 2576 (72.6) | <0.001 | | ≥5 | 1871 (29.3) | 3793 (70.7) |
| | Number of children in the household | | <5 | 2227 (29.4) | 4824 (70.6) | 0.425 | | ≥5 | 684 (26.5) | 1545 (73.5) |
| | Anemia | | Yes | 272 (33.0) | 422 (67.0) | <0.001 | | No | 2639 (28.3) | 5947 (71.7) |
| | Sex of household head | | Male | 2477 (28.4) | 5558 (71.6) | 0.004 | | Female | 434 (30.9) | 811 (69.1) |
| | Age | | 18–29 | 1514 (32.7) | 2783 (67.3) | <0.001 | | 30–44 | 925 (24.5) | 2465 (75.5) | | 45–59 | 472 (27.3) | 1121 (72.7) |
| | Educational status | | No education | 1019 (29.4) | 1930 (70.6) | <0.001 | | Primary | 1153 (29.3) | 2556 (70.7) | | Secondary | 469 (28.5) | 1050 (71.5) | | Higher | 270 (22.3) | 833 (77.7) |
| | Occupational status | | Not working | 549 (40.3) | 684 (59.7) | <0.001 | | Working | 2362 (27.6) | 5685 (72.4) |
| | Marital status of the respondent | | Married | 1679 (25.6) | 4166 (74.4) | <0.001 | | Others | 1232 (34.1) | 2203 (65.9) |
| | Place of residence | | Urban | 578 (22.8) | 1828 (77.2) | <0.001 | | Rural | 2333 (29.8) | 4541 (70.2) |
| | Religion of respondent | | Orthodox | 1095 (27.2) | 2925 (72.8) | <0.001 | | Catholic | 33 (51.4) | 35 (48.6) | | Protestant | 479 (27.2) | 1159 (72.8) | | Muslim | 1278 (31.6) | 2184 (68.4) | | Traditional | 7 (23.6) | 20 (76.4) | | Others | 19 (21.2) | 46 (78.8) |
| | Household wealth index | | Poor | 1430 (33.0) | 2231 (67.0) | <0.001 | | Middle | 413 (27.6) | 970 (72.4) | | Rich | 1068 (25.6) | 3168 (74.4) |
| | Region | | Tigray | 376 (37.8) | 603 (62.2) | <0.001 | | Afar | 263 (46.7) | 252 (53.3) | | Amhara | 388 (27.8) | 1015 (72.2) | | Oromia | 394 (29.4) | 910 (70.6) | | Somalia | 345 (48.8) | 365 (51.6) | | Benishangul | 201 (29.0) | 527 (71.0) | | SNNPR | 311 (25.0) | 960 (75.0) | | Gambella | 236 (31.6) | 419 (68.4) | | Harari | 114 (27.5) | 306 (72.5) | | Dire Dawa | 154 (27.1) | 404 (72.9) | | Addis Ababa | 129 (17.4) | 608 (82.6) |
| | Alcohol intake | | Yes | 1162 (26.5) | 3142 (73.5) | <0.001 | | No | 1749 (30.7) | 3227 (69.3) |
| | Chat chewing | | Yes | 961 (30.0) | 2041 (70.0) | 0.355 | | No | 1950 (28.1) | 4328 (71.9) |
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