Recent Advancement in Functional Core-Shell Nanoparticles of Polymers: Synthesis, Physical Properties, and Applications in Medical Biotechnology

Table 1

Various synthesis approaches and applications of few important core-shell nanoparticles with polymer.

Sl. no.	Materials	Synthesis method	Properties/uses	Average size of; Core-shell particle	References
1	Carbon black/polypyrrole	In situ chemical oxidative polymerization	Electrochemical energy storage	50–100 nm	[13]
2	BaTiO3/PMMA	In situ atom transfer radical polymerization (ARTP)	High dielectric constant materials with the inherent low loss of the base polymer	150–200 nm	[14]
3	Polystyrene-n-butyl acrylate-methy methacrylate@silica	Emulsion polymerization	Dynamic modulus	30–80 nm	[15]
4	Poly(vinyl amine)-silica	Wet chemical route	Silica precursor; for composite materials formation	200–250 nm	[16]
5	Silica@PMMA brush	Surface initiated photopolymerization	PMMA composite with enhanced thermal and mechanical properties	100–150 nm	[17]
6	CdS@PMMA	Different physical and chemical routes	Electrical transport properties	10–200 nm	[18]
7	Spiropyran-silica	Two-step sol-gel synthesis	Photochromic properties	100–150 nm	[19]
8	(MMA@CuO)	Solution deposition method	—	20–30 nm	[20]
9	Well-defined oxide (SiO2) core-polymer (PMMA) shell	Chemical route	High mechanical strength	20–90 nm	[21]
10	T-ZnO whiskers/Polyaniline	Graft polymerization	Electrical conductivity	500 nm	[22]
11	PS cores and thermosensitive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide); (PNIPA) shells	Self-assembly encapsulation	Drug diffusion	Less than 100 nm	[23]
12	Silica-polymer (methyl methacrylate (MMA)) core-shell nanoparticles	Seed copolymerization	Excellent antimicrobial	20–30 nm	[24]
13	PMMA@PCL	Coaxial electrospraying	—	3–6 µm	[25]
14	PS@SiO2	Sol-gel synthesis	—	200–250 nm	[26]
15	Fe3O4@styrene/butyl acrylate	Initiator free miniemulsion polymerization	Magnetite and their corresponding; behavior	150–200 nm	[27]
16	Polyaniline-polystyrene; sulfonate@Fe3O4	Surface-initiated polymerization	Conductive and magnetic; properties	60–200 nm	[28]
17	SiO2@polypyrrole	In situ polymerization through electrostatic interaction	—	200–300 nm	[29]
18	PMMA spheres with a core of Fe3O4	Spontaneous Pickering emulsification	—	50–80 nm	[30]
19	PS@SiO2	Alcaholic dispersion polymerization	Catalytic	1000 nm	[31]
20	Poly(2-vinylpyridine); @silica	Emulsion polymerization	Cationic azo initiator	200 nm	[32]
21	SiO2@Poly(3-aminophenylboronic acid) (PABBA)	Ultrasonic irradiation method	Conductivity	100–200 nm	[33]
22	Collagen-g-PMMA; Ag@TiO2; Collagen-g-PMMA@TiO2	Graft polymerization; water in oil emulsion polymerization; ultrasonic irradiation	Lower infrared emissivity	60–100 nm	[34]
23	SiO2@polyaniline	In situ polymerization	High electrical conductivity	20–30 nm	[35]
24	PANI@Fe3O4	Ultrasonic polymerization to assist chemical oxidative polymerization	Decreases its electrical conductivity	20–25 nm	[36]
25	SiO𝑥@PAM; PAM: polyacrylamide	UV assisted in situ surface initiated free radical polymerization	Good; dispersion stability	50–200 nm	[37]
26	Au-impregnated polyacrylonitrile (PAN)/polythiophene (PTH) core-shell; nanofibers	Shadow mask	High-performance semiconducting properties	30–50 nm	[38]
27	Smart core-shell hybrid nanogels with Ag nanoparticle core and poly(N-isopropylacrylamide- co-acrylic acid) shell	Copolymerization process	pH-Regulated drug delivery and for cancer cell imaging	40–80 nm	[39]
28	PS; cores and Au shell nanoparticle coronae	Self-assembly	Hydrophobic nanoparticles	80 nm	[40]
29	Upconverting NaYF4 nanoparticles with; PEG-phosphate ligands	Water-dispersible	Biolabeling within the; biological window	30–40 nm	[41]
30	Au@PEG (polyethylene glycol)	Combined; swelling heteroaggregation	Dielectric applications	300 nm	[42]
31	Ag-polystyrene	Hydrothermal method	Characteristic plasmon resonance	200 nm	[43]
32	Ag@poly(acrylic acid)	In situ immobilization	Tunable photoluminescence, act as multiple-sensitive; hybrid microgels	100 nm	[44]
33	Highly controlled core (Au/shell (PANI) structures	In situ polymerization,	Tunable conductive polymer	61–92 nm	[45]
34	Au-PS hybrid colloidal particles	Precipitation polymerization; method	Fabricating photonic devices via a self-assembly; approach	200–250 nm	[46]
35	Fe3O4@polyaniline@Au Nanocomposites	Solvothermal reaction	Catalytic activity	70–80 nm	[47]
36	Luminescent silver@phenol formaldehyde; resin core-hell nanospheres	Facile one-step hydrothermal approach	In vivo bioimaging	180–1000 nm	[48]
37	Poly(butylene adipate) on the surface of SiO2	Chemical route	Improve the toughness and stiffness	100–1000 nm	[49]
38	Polyaniline-coated poly(butyl methacrylate)	Chemical route	Printing technology	100 nm	[50]