This paper aims to reveal the effects of odium hexametaphosphate (SHMP) and polyacrylic acid (PAA) on dispersion of TiO<sub>2</sub> (P25) nanopowder in de-ionic water through ultrasonic horn. We characterized TiO<sub>2</sub> suspension by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), zeta potential, and surface contact angle instruments. As shown in the results, particularly, it were noticed that (1) the SHMP has better dispersion than PAA due to electronegativity effect, resulting in that the average particle size of the dispersed titanium dioxide in de-ionic water was roughly 92&#x2009;nm, and (2) the zeta potential of TiO<sub>2</sub> suspension with SHMP can be achieved by 54&#x2009;mV at pH value of 7.7, causing stronger electrostatic repulsion in the suspension solution, compared with PAA.

Wen-Bin Tsai

Jui-Yang Kao

Tzong-Ming Wu

Wen-Tung Cheng

Dispersion of Titanium Oxide Nanoparticles in Aqueous Solution with Anionic Stabilizer via Ultrasonic Wave

Effect of uniformly and nonuniformly coated Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticles over plain glass tube heater on pool boiling heat transfer was studied experimentally. A borosilicate glass tube coated with Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> nanoparticle was used as test heater. The boiling behaviour was studied by using high speed camera. Result obtained for pool boiling shows enhancement in heat transfer for nanoparticle coated surface heater and compared with plain glass tube heater. Also heat transfer coefficient for nonuniformly coated nanoparticles was studied and compared with uniformly coated and plain glass tube. Coating effect of nanoparticles over glass tube increases its surface roughness and thereby creates more nucleation sites.

Nitin Doifode

Sameer Gajghate

Abdul Najim

Anil Acharya

Ashok Pise

Effect of Uniformly and Nonuniformly Coated Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Nanoparticles over Glass Tube Heater on Pool Boiling

<i>Vitis vinifera</i> extract assisted silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were biosynthesized that was confirmed primarily by color change and a sharp plasmon absorption band was found at 449&#x2009;nm. Biosynthesized AgNPs shape was spherical and the particle size of 17&#x2009;nm in average was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images. Functional groups of AgNPs were identified by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR).<i> Streptococcus aureus</i> was the most sensitive bacteria towards the assisted<i> V. vinifera</i> AgNPs as their growth was 90&#x25; inhibited at 100&#x2009;<i>&#x3bc;</i>g/mL concentration. That was also confirmed by the zone of inhibition study. Up to 96&#x2009;h, no biofilm was observed for<i> K. pneumoniae</i> at 40&#x2009;<i>&#x3bc;</i>g/mL of AgNPs. Although AgNPs showed a mild toxicity against brine shrimp nauplii, it showed a remarkable level of antiproliferative activity against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) cells.

A. K. M. Asaduzzaman

Byung-Soo Chun

Syed Rashel Kabir

<i>Vitis vinifera</i> Assisted Silver Nanoparticles with Antibacterial and Antiproliferative Activity against Ehrlich Ascites Carcinoma Cells

The thermal effect developed due to the heating of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) in presence of external magnetic field can be precisely controlled by the proper selection of magnetic absorption properties of the MNPs. The present paper deals with the numerical simulation of temperature field developed within or outside the tumor, in the presence of an external alternating magnetic field, using a thermofluidic model developed using ANSYS FLUENT&#xae;. A three-layer nonuniform tissue structure with one or two blood vessels surrounding the tumor is considered for the present simulation. The results obtained clearly suggest that the volumetric distribution pattern of MNPs within the tumor has a strong influence on the temperature field developed. The linear pattern of volumetric distribution has a strong effect over the two other types of distribution considered herein. Various other important factors like external magnetic field intensity, frequency, vascular congestion, types of MNP material, and so forth are considered to find the influence on the temperature within the tumor. Results show that proper selection of these parameters has a strong influence on the desired therapeutic temperature range and thus it is of utmost importance from the efficacy point of view of magnetic fluid hyperthermia (MFH).

Koustov Adhikary

Moloy Banerjee

A Thermofluid Analysis of the Magnetic Nanoparticles Enhanced Heating Effects in Tissues Embedded with Large Blood Vessel during Magnetic Fluid Hyperthermia

Present contribution describes modified St&#xf6;ber synthesis of silica nanoparticles in oil-in-water microemulsion, formulated using heptane, 2-ethylhexanol, Tween&#xae; 85 nonionic surfactant, and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS). After some specified incubation time, ammonium hydroxide was added and the reaction mixture was stirred for 24 hours at room temperature. Prior to synthesis, pseudoternary diagram was created for oil-rich area and Winsor IV region was identified. These microemulsions were used for synthesis of silica particles. Resulting particles were characterized by dynamic light scattering, electrokinetic measurements, specific surface area measurements, and powder diffraction. Particles&#x2019; diameter was ranging between ca. 130 and 500&#x2009;nm; usually monodisperse distribution was obtained. The specific surface area of nanoparticles was ranging between 250 and 300&#x2009;m<sup>2</sup>/g. Notably, productivity per unit volume of solution was 3 to 5 times higher than for previously reported procedures. Our method can be extended, because polymeric materials can be added to dispersed aqueous phase. In our studies, <i>&#x3b2;</i>-cyclodextrin and hydroxyethylcellulose have been used, giving particles between 170 and 422&#x2009;nm, with the surface area larger than 300&#x2009;m<sup>2</sup>/g.

Tomasz Ko&#x17a;lecki

Izabela Polowczyk

Anna Bastrzyk

Wojciech Sawi&#x144;ski

Improved Synthesis of Nanosized Silica in Water-in-Oil Microemulsions

Antimicrobial efficacy of nickel nanoparticles synthesized using leaf extract of<i> Ocimum sanctum</i> (NiGs) was investigated against pathogenic Gram-negative (<i>E. coli</i>,<i> K. pneumoniae</i>, and<i> S. typhi</i>), Gram-positive (<i>B. subtilis</i>,<i> S. epidermidis</i>) bacteria and fungi (<i>C. albicans</i>,<i> C. tropicalis, A. fumigatus</i>,<i> A. clavatus</i>, and<i> A</i>.<i> niger</i>). 100&#x2009;<i>&#xb5;</i>g/mL NiGs showed maximum antimicrobial activity against tested pathogens compared to leaf extract and antibiotics.<i> E. coli</i> (25&#x2009;mm) and<i> C. albicans</i> (23&#x2009;mm) exhibited higher zone of inhibition at 100&#x2009;<i>&#xb5;</i>g/mL NiGs. MIC, MBC, and MFC values of NiGs against all tested pathogens ranged between 25 and 50&#x2009;<i>&#xb5;</i>g/mL. Growth of bacterial and fungal cells (10<sup>5</sup>&#x2009;cfu/mL) was completely inhibited at 50&#x2009;<i>&#xb5;</i>g/mL NiGs.<i> E. coli</i> and<i> C. albicans</i> have showed strong antimicrobial activity with 81&#x25; and 50&#x25; reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, 30 and 16&#x2009;<i>&#xb5;</i>g/mL protein leakage, and 95 and 82&#x2009;U/L LDH leakages, respectively. Gram-negative bacteria and<i> Candida</i> species showed more sensitivity to NiGs at all concentrations tested (25&#x2013;100&#x2009;<i>&#xb5;</i>g/mL) than Gram-positive bacteria and<i> Aspergillus</i> species, respectively. Microbial growth in the presence of NiGs and ascorbic acid confirmed the involvement of ROS in antimicrobial activity. Hence, NiGs induced ROS generation was attributed to the protein and LDH leakage from microbial membranes.

Chitra Jeyaraj Pandian

Rameshthangam Palanivel

Solairaj Dhanasekaran

Screening Antimicrobial Activity of Nickel Nanoparticles Synthesized Using <i>Ocimum sanctum</i> Leaf Extract

<i>&#x3b1;</i>-Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> microspheres with high phase purity, crystallinity, and surface area were synthesized by the thermal decomposition of precipitated MnCO<sub>3</sub> microspheres without the use of any structure directing agents and tedious reaction conditions. The prepared Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> microspheres were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and photoluminescence (PL) studies. The complete thermal transformation of MnCO<sub>3</sub> to Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> was clearly shown by the FTIR and XRD analysis. The electron microscopic images clearly confirmed the microsphere-like morphology of the products with some structural deformation for the calcined Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> sample. The mesoporous texture generated from the interaggregation of subnanoparticles in the microstructures is visibly evident from the TEM and BET studies. Moreover, the Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> microstructures showed a moderate photocatalytic activity for the degradation of methylene blue dye pollutant under UV light irradiation, using air as the potential oxidizing agent.

Manoj Pudukudy

Zahira Yaakob

Synthesis, Characterization, and Photocatalytic Performance of Mesoporous <i>&#x3b1;</i>-Mn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> Microspheres Prepared via a Precipitation Route

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17 347 -12 373 -12C413 -12 465 33 507 96L491 119C459 84 432 60 413 60C395 60 378 92 358 148L321 250C341 279 369 310 389 332C417 363 439 382 456 382C466 382 475 376 481 368C486 361 492 358 496 358C513 358 536 381 536 404Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,10.899,0)"><path id="g117-34" d="M535 323V373H52V323H535ZM535 138V188H52V138H535Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,22.162,0)"><path id="g113-49" d="M241 635C89 635 35 457 35 312C35 153 89 -12 240 -12C390 -12 443 166 443 312C443 466 390 635 241 635ZM238 602C329 602 354 454 354 312C354 172 330 22 240 22C152 22 124 173 124 313S148 602 238 602Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.402,0)"><path id="g113-47" d="M113 -12C146 -12 170 11 170 46C170 78 146 103 114 103S58 78 58 46C58 11 82 -12 113 -12Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,31.366,0)"><path id="g113-51" d="M412 140C382 77 369 73 315 73H129L270 222C362 320 402 379 402 466C402 571 322 635 234 635C177 635 130 609 99 576L42 495L64 475C90 514 133 568 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The crystallite size (<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.2063999pt" id="M5" height="8.02022pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -7.81382 4.54925 8.02022" width="4.54925pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-117" d="M324 430H196L233 583L223 592L145 529L120 430H54L29 396L31 388H111L56 126C33 15 54 -12 77 -12C137 -12 214 57 250 95L233 119C208 92 155 59 138 59C126 59 120 70 131 125L186 390L298 394L324 430Z"/></g></svg>) (46.89~58.40 nm) was estimated from X-ray diffraction data with the postconfirmation of single phase spinel structure. Spherical shaped, fused grain nature with intergranular diffusion in <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.40075pt" id="M6" height="12.6369pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.23615 82.0417 12.6369" width="82.0417pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-76"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.385,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-103"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.918,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g50-50"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.35,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g54-33"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,22.91,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g50-121"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.643,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-65"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.484,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-98"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,44.406,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g50-121"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,50.101,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-68"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,56.73,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-99"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,62.302,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g50-51"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,67.248,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-77"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,76.959,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g50-53"/></g></svg> NPs was observed in scanning electron micrographs. The value of loss tangent (<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.2455397pt" id="M7" height="9.53387pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 25.8317 9.53387" width="25.8317pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g121-114" d="M298 36L289 62C276 55 253 45 228 45C202 45 169 60 169 141V397H276C289 405 292 426 282 437H169V574L155 576L90 509V437H45L17 408L21 397H90V107C90 28 125 -12 188 -12C198 -12 213 -8 230 1L298 36Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,4.043,0)"><path id="g121-95" d="M433 39L423 65C413 59 399 54 387 54C370 54 352 69 352 114V299C352 352 342 392 307 422C285 440 255 449 225 449C168 437 102 399 75 379C56 365 44 353 44 339C44 315 69 296 87 296C101 296 111 303 116 319C124 349 133 371 145 385C156 397 171 404 190 404C241 404 275 364 275 291V274C253 256 180 229 120 209C65 190 39 159 39 110C39 47 88 -12 159 -12C189 -12 237 25 277 52C282 35 288 21 301 8C312 -3 333 -12 348 -12L433 39ZM275 84C256 65 221 48 195 48C164 48 124 73 124 124C124 161 146 180 185 198C206 208 254 229 275 240V84Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.633,0)"><path id="g121-108" d="M524 0V26C466 32 460 36 460 104V297C460 393 411 449 331 449C302 449 276 437 248 419C223 402 201 387 181 372V451C137 432 90 420 42 411V388C96 378 102 374 102 310V104C102 38 97 33 29 26V0H246V26C187 32 181 36 181 104V339C211 365 250 390 290 390C357 390 381 345 381 276V109C381 40 374 32 315 26V0H524Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,18.986,0)"><path id="g113-226" d="M494 514C482 587 419 712 303 712C238 712 174 667 174 603C174 561 205 514 249 449C219 438 187 422 162 407C93 366 23 283 23 177C23 69 87 -12 190 -12C244 -12 288 5 328 33C406 87 444 170 444 249C444 329 404 391 331 475C265 550 222 605 222 627C222 647 238 657 267 657C355 657 421 585 484 499L494 514ZM359 234C359 143 319 30 219 30C172 30 114 75 114 178C114 275 163 343 195 378C212 397 241 415 269 425C305 382 359 313 359 234Z"/></g></svg>) decreases exponentially with an increasing frequency indicating normal Maxwell-Wagner type dielectric dispersion due to interfacial polarization. Decreasing values of Curie temperature (<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.29108pt" id="M8" height="12.2532pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.96212 13.9844 12.2532" width="13.9844pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-85" d="M620 675H597C578 656 570 650 541 650H144C112 650 104 653 94 675H72C59 618 42 552 23 493L53 491C71 534 88 564 105 585C124 608 144 615 238 615H290L197 121C182 40 174 34 88 28L82 0H361L367 28C275 34 266 38 281 121L374 615H441C522 615 543 608 553 583C562 560 566 531 565 493L597 494C603 551 612 629 620 675Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,7.176,3.132)"><path id="g50-68" d="M690 629C653 643 577 667 483 667C225 667 24 528 24 292C24 92 174 -17 367 -17C448 -17 534 1 570 10C592 34 642 131 658 174C648 180 639 186 629 192C562 89 499 21 382 21C223 21 130 138 130 298C130 467 255 627 462 627C582 627 643 589 650 462L686 466C689 517 688 580 690 629Z"/></g></svg>) from 860°C to 566°C with increasing Cd<sup>2+</sup> content <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.2063904pt" id="M9" height="6.1673pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 7.39387 6.1673" width="7.39387pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g113-121"/></g></svg> in <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.40075pt" id="M10" height="12.6369pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.23615 82.0417 12.6369" width="82.0417pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-76"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,9.385,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-103"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.918,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g50-50"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,17.35,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g54-33"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,22.91,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g50-121"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,28.643,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-65"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,37.484,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-98"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,44.406,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g50-121"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,50.101,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-68"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,56.73,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-99"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,62.302,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g50-51"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,67.248,0)"><use xlink:href="#g121-77"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,76.959,3.132)"><use xlink:href="#g50-53"/></g></svg> NPs were determined from AC-Susceptibility. Activation energy <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-0.0498209pt" id="M11" height="8.68572pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 16.5019 8.68572" width="16.5019pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-133" d="M600 0V24L339 665L311 657L43 24V0H600ZM497 50H107L303 539L497 50Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,8.327,0)"><path id="g113-70" d="M593 650H142L136 622C219 616 224 611 209 531L130 120C114 39 108 34 23 28L17 0H501C518 32 557 130 568 158L540 169C519 132 495 93 469 70C439 43 409 35 332 35C272 35 241 37 225 50C211 61 211 89 222 149L253 320H350C441 320 443 312 441 239H471L510 434H481C455 366 448 358 360 358H260L303 572C311 613 312 615 348 615H431C509 615 522 603 532 581C544 555 546 531 545 491L574 493C583 555 592 631 593 650Z"/></g></svg> ranges within 0.03~0.15 eV. Decreasing magnetic saturation <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" id="M12" height="11.927pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 16.3437 11.927" width="16.3437pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-78" d="M962 650H795L470 145L347 650H176L170 622C268 613 275 606 244 503L190 322C150 188 132 126 118 91C102 50 80 33 18 28L12 0H245L251 28C175 35 170 48 174 93C177 128 191 180 220 284L292 542H294C331 392 383 150 409 4H432L774 555H776L714 137C700 40 694 34 612 28L606 0H868L874 28C793 34 784 37 797 137L849 533C859 612 863 616 956 622L962 650Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,12.22,3.132)"><path id="g50-116" d="M357 391C357 416 325 451 270 451C241 451 179 431 146 400C109 365 97 334 97 307C97 248 143 213 196 180C250 146 261 123 261 101C261 75 237 40 190 40C153 40 110 72 86 109C81 116 68 119 55 112C37 102 24 87 24 66C24 30 85 -12 137 -12C229 -12 331 62 331 140C331 189 304 218 236 260C197 284 164 309 164 346C164 381 194 400 220 400C259 400 282 380 304 350C310 342 321 339 330 344C347 353 357 372 357 391Z"/></g></svg>, coercivity <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.291101pt" id="M13" height="11.927pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -8.6359 14.4646 11.927" width="14.4646pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-73" d="M828 650H570L564 622C646 614 650 609 634 524L604 366H253L281 524C296 608 308 615 382 622L388 650H132L126 622C211 615 214 609 198 524L121 122C106 42 102 35 23 28L17 0H276L282 28C196 35 191 40 206 122L243 324H597L559 123C544 42 537 35 452 28L446 0H710L716 28C632 35 628 43 643 122L719 524C735 610 741 615 822 622L828 650Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,10.075,3.132)"><path id="g50-100" d="M387 400C387 425 348 451 303 451C247 451 176 414 132 376C69 322 24 228 24 148C24 43 74 -12 147 -12C211 -12 301 33 363 103L346 128C319 99 249 51 193 51C148 51 112 84 112 165C112 230 130 287 154 330C170 359 199 400 243 400C277 400 304 383 326 354C333 345 343 343 354 348C378 360 387 382 387 400Z"/></g></svg>, and magneton number <svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.1815pt" id="M14" height="9.14241pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -5.96091 12.5452 9.14241" width="12.5452pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-111" d="M495 86L479 114C446 82 419 66 409 66C401 66 401 72 406 97C420 166 436 231 453 297C489 435 454 448 428 448C406 448 384 439 354 422C305 394 222 327 161 247H159L183 345C200 415 194 448 173 448C143 448 82 410 23 351L38 325C64 349 95 371 105 371C111 371 116 365 109 336L25 -4L31 -12C50 -4 77 3 107 9C119 69 132 122 145 168C197 254 321 381 370 381C387 381 393 374 378 305L329 95C309 17 320 -12 345 -12C372 -12 430 19 495 86Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.461,3.132)"><path id="g58-64" d="M384 354C435 370 515 408 515 502C515 549 494 593 459 616C426 639 384 650 308 650H45V618C127 613 130 606 130 524V127C130 45 125 38 37 33V0H262C342 0 409 12 461 40C521 73 558 124 558 192C558 295 481 336 384 352V354ZM217 365V556C217 587 221 597 229 604C238 611 261 615 288 615C382 615 421 558 421 490C421 406 374 365 266 365H217ZM217 327H264C384 327 457 284 457 183C457 80 383 38 301 38C235 38 217 55 217 127V327Z"/></g></svg> values show the effect on nonmagnetic Cd<sup>2+</sup> ions over magnetic Ni<sup>2+</sup> and Fe ions.

B. H. Devmunde

A. V. Raut

S. D. Birajdar

S. J. Shukla

D. R. Shengule

K. M. Jadhav

Structural, Electrical, Dielectric, and Magnetic Properties of Cd<sup>2+</sup> Substituted Nickel Ferrite Nanoparticles

Cube-shaped cadmium oxide (CdO) nanoparticles were deposited by a novel low cost microwave evaporation technique. High purity cadmium (Cd) flakes were placed in a microwave susceptor inside a commercial microwave oven. Metallic Cd was evaporated in less than 2 minutes and it was oxidized due to ambient oxygen. The CdO nanoparticles were deposited on a glass substrate placed few centimeters above the susceptor. The surfaces with nanoparticles were treated with a solution containing ethanol and phenyltriethoxysilane (PTES), and the hydrophobic properties of the as-synthesized and post-PTES-treated surfaces were studied. Morphological and structural information of the as-synthesized nanoparticles were investigated via SEM and XRD analysis. Contact angles (<svg xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" style="vertical-align:-3.29107pt" id="M1" height="12.5794pt" version="1.1" viewBox="-0.0498162 -9.28833 12.9536 12.5794" width="12.9536pt"><g transform="matrix(.013,0,0,-0.013,0,0)"><path id="g113-230" d="M475 507C475 612 440 712 326 712C139 712 23 420 23 215C23 96 58 -12 180 -12C369 -12 475 293 475 507ZM391 522C391 486 387 448 379 394H126C155 538 222 677 310 677C386 677 391 571 391 522ZM373 346C344 193 283 22 189 22C126 22 106 114 106 196C106 243 111 293 118 346H373Z"/></g><g transform="matrix(.0091,0,0,-0.0091,6.149,3.132)"><path id="g50-68" d="M690 629C653 643 577 667 483 667C225 667 24 528 24 292C24 92 174 -17 367 -17C448 -17 534 1 570 10C592 34 642 131 658 174C648 180 639 186 629 192C562 89 499 21 382 21C223 21 130 138 130 298C130 467 255 627 462 627C582 627 643 589 650 462L686 466C689 517 688 580 690 629Z"/></g></svg>) for the as-synthesized CdO surfaces were about 112°, whereas, for ethanol/PTES-treated CdO nanoparticles surfaces, contact angles were improved to about 158°. Thus, ethanol/PTES-treated CdO nanoparticles obtained by this simple procedure showed superhydrophobicity properties of potential use in micro fluidic devices and some other applications in the future.

Mehrdad Rashidzadeh

Guillermo Carbajal-Franco

Arturo Tiburcio-Silver

Hydrophobic Coatings Composed by Cubic-Shaped CdO Nanoparticles Grown by a Novel and Simple Microwave Method

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Journal of Nanoparticles