Standardization of Alternative Methods for Nanogenotoxicity Testing in Drosophila melanogaster Using Iron Nanoparticles: A Promising Link to Nanodosimetry

Table 2

Phenotypic changes observed in exposed and F1 population.

Concentration of nanoiron	Number of flies exposed	Exposed		F1
Time of exposure		24 Hrs	48 Hrs	24 Hrs	48 Hrs
0.1 mM	100	Normal morphology in males and females, 100%	Normal morphology in males and females, 100%	Normal morphology in males and females, 100%	Normal morphology in males and females, 100%
1 mM	100	Orange discolouration of thorax in males and females, 50%	Orange discolouration of thorax in males and females curling of abdomen in males, 40%	Normal morphology in males and females, 100%	Normal morphology in males and females, 100%
5 mM	100	Orange discolouration in males and females of thorax, shrunken wings, bigger and pale abdomen of female, 55%	Orange discolouration of thorax in males and females curling of abdomen in males, 40%	Normal morphology in males and females, 100%	Normal morphology in males and females, 100%
10 mM	100	Orange discolouration of thorax in males and females curling of abdomen in males, 62%	Orange discolouration of thorax in males and females curling of abdomen in males, 40%	Normal morphology in males and females, 100%	Normal morphology in males and females, 100%
Negative control	100	Normal morphology in males and females, 100%	Normal morphology in males and females, 100%	Normal morphology in males and females, 100%	Normal morphology in males and females, 100%
Positive control (EMS)	100	Orange discolouration of thorax, shrunken wings, bigger and pale abdomen of female, curling of abdomen in males, 97%	Orange discolouration of thorax, shrunken wings, bigger and pale abdomen of female, curling of abdomen in males, 95%	Orange discolouration of thorax, shrunken wings, bigger and pale abdomen of female, curling of abdomen in males, 95%	Orange discolouration of thorax, shrunken wings, bigger and pale abdomen of female, curling of abdomen in males, 93%