Nanoparticle Therapy Is a Promising Approach in the Management and Prevention of Many Diseases: Does It Help in Curing Alzheimer Disease?

Table 1

Drugs used for investigating the effective therapy of different nanoparticles in the treatment of Alzheimer.

Drug	Composite	Type of nanoparticles	Model	Improved properties	Shape and particle size	Zeta potential	References
Pd hydride (PdH)	Pd hydride (PdH)	Nanoparticles	Mice	In situ and sustained release of high payload of hydrogen, decreasing the oxidative stress	Cubic shape with uniform size (about 30 nm)	NA	[61]
Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP)	DBP-PLGA	Nanoparticles	Aβ-overexpressing (5XFAD) mice	Decrease Aβ aggregation and accumulation	Spherical and uniform size, average 226.6 ± 44.4 nm	−0.144 mV	[62]
Curcumin (Cu) and selenium (Se)	Se-Cur/PLGA	Nanospheres	Transgenic mice (5XFAD)	Decreases the amyloid-β	Spherical and uniform size, average 70.5 ± 6 nm	NA	[63]
SNPs	Aqueous extraction of Lampranthus coccineus, Malephora lutea, F. Aizoaceae	Nanoparticles	Adult male albino rats of Sprague Dawley	Anticholinesterase and antioxidant activity	Spherical nanoparticles with a mean size from 12.86 nm to 28.19 nm	NA	[64]
Aβ1-42 peptide	Aβ1-42 peptide monoclonal antibody to PEG chain (anti-aβ1-42-NPs)	PEGylated nanoparticles	AD-like transgenic mice	Promote Aβ1-42 elimination through the “sink effect”	125 nm	−20 to −30 mV	[65]
Zinc	Zinc-PLGA	Nanoparticles	Wild-type (WT) and APP23 mice	Reduction in plaque size and affects the release of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-18	200–220 nm	NA	[66]
Coumarin	TQNP/H102	Nanoparticles	APP/PS1 transgenic mice	Decreasing amyloid plaques, increasing Aβ-degrading enzymes, reducing tau protein phosphorylation, protecting synapses, and improving the spatial learning and memory	100 nm that may increase on loading with H102 peptide	−25 mV	[67]

DBP-PLGA: vitamin D-binding protein loaded PLGA (poly (D,L-lactic acid-co-glycolic acid)); Se: selenium; Aβ: amyloid beta protein; TQNP is a multifunctionalized nanoparticle system based on poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(lactic acid) (PEG-PLA) and modified with TGN peptides as the brain ligand and QSH peptides for A42-binding (TQNP) [61], to target amyloid plaques in the brain; TGN (TGNYKALHPHNGC), QSH (QSHYRHISPAQVC), H102 peptide (HKQLPFFEED), and Aβ42 were peptides; NA: not available; SNPs: silver nanoparticles.