Immunomodulatory Agents with Antivascular Activity in the Treatment of Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: Focus on TLR9 Agonists, IMiDs and NGR-TNF

Figure 2

Proposed mechanism of action of lenalidomide. This drug can inhibit endothelial cell migration and adhesion possibly by downregulating endothelial cell integrins and angiogenesis. Lenalidomide can also induce immunomodulatory effect by activating T and NKT cells, which in turn release cytotoxic mediators, and by inhibiting the release of proinflammatory cytokines in the tumor microenvironment. The antiangiogenic effect is a major component of lenalidomide antitumor activity in solid tumors.