Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Renal Cancer Brain Metastasis: Prognostic Factors and the Role of Whole-Brain Radiation and Surgical Resection

Table 1

Patient and disease characteristics by treatment group.

Characteristics	SRS	Surgery + SRS	WBRT + SRS	value
Number of patients	36	24	6
Age (years)
Median age	60.5	58	59	0.5622
Mean age	58.6	58.1	62.8
Range	31–79	40–85	54–81
Sex
Male	37 (75%)	19 (79.2%)	1 (16.7%)	0.909
Female	9 (25%)	5 (20.8%)	5 (83.3%)
Systemic disease status at the time of SRS
Controlled	3 (8.3%)	6 (25%)	1 (16.7%)	0.169
Uncontrolled	33 (91.7%)	18 (75%)	5 (83.3%)
Intracranial disease status at the time of SRS
Controlled	0 (0%)	12 (50%)	1 (16.7%)	<0.0001
Uncontrolled	36 (100%)	12 (50%)	5 (83.3%)
RPA
I	0 (0%)	3 (12.5%)	0 (0%)	0.1379
II	34 (94.4%)	20 (83.3%)	5 (83.3%)
III	2 (5.6%)	1 (4.2%)	1 (16.7%)
KPS
≥70	34 (94.4%)	23 (95.8%)	5 (83.3%)	0.521
<70	2 (5.6%)	1 (4.2%)	1 (16.7%)
SIR
≥6	20 (55.6%)	11 (45.8%)	0 (0%)	0.041
<6	16 (44.4%)	13 (54.2%)	6 (100%)
Ds-GPA
4	18 (50%)	9 (37.5%)	0 (0%)	0.0073
3	8 (22.2%)	9 (37.5%)	1 (16.7%)
2	8 (22.2%)	4 (16.7%)	2 (33.3%)
1	2 (5.6%)	2 (8.3%)	2 (33.3%)
0	0 (0%)	0 (0%)	1 (16.7%)
BSBM
3	0 (0%)	2 (8.3%)	0 (0%)	0.6526
2	3 (8.3%)	4 (16.7%)	1 (16.7%)
1	28 (77.8%)	13 (64.2%)	3 (50%)
0	5 (13.9%)	5 (20.8%)	2 (33.3%)
Number of brain metastases
≤3	33 (91.7%)	23 (95.8%)	2 (33.3%)	0.002
>3	3 (8.7%)	1 (4.2%)	4 (66.7%)
Initial tumor volume (cm^3)
Median initial tumor volume	1.151	11.746	1.945	0.0001
Mean initial tumor volume	3.3770	11.411	9.295
Range	0.241–27.73	2.178–26.51	0.192–33.57

Fisher and Kruskal-Wallis test.