Molecular and Clinical Insights into the Invasive Capacity of Glioblastoma Cells

Table 1

Pre- and intraoperative methods to assess GBM’s invasive capacity.

Preoperative methods	Intraoperative methods
MRI-based	Fluorescence-guidance
T2/FLAIR hyperintensity	5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA)
DTI	Fluorescein sodium (Fl-Na)
DWI (ADC and FA)	iMRI-based T2/FLAIR
Perfusion	Intraoperative Ultrasound
Spectroscopy	Contrast enhanced US
Quantitative MR	Elastosonography
Radiomics radiophenotype	Intraoperative confocal microscopy
PET-based	Fluorescein
Fluorothymidine	Indocyanine green
Fluoroethylthyrosine	Acriflavine hydrochloride
Tryptophan	Optical coherence tomography
Methionine

MRI= Magnetic Resonance Imaging, FLAIR= fluid attenuated inversion recovery, DTI= Diffusion tensor imaging, PET= Positron emission tomography, and iMRI= intraoperative MRI.