Angiographic Findings in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Previously Treated Using Proton Beam Therapy

Table 2

The prevalence of PBT-related angiographic findings at the initial hepatic angiography according to HCC targeting.

Angiographic findings	Total; (n=31)	Irradiated HCCs targeted during TACE or TAI; (n=18)	Irradiated HCCs NOT targeted during TACE or TAI (n=13)
Abnormal staining of irradiated liver parenchyma	22 (71%)	14 (78%)	8 (62%)	0.326
Development of tortuous tumor feeder	13 (42%)	13 (72%)	0 (0%)	<0.001
Development of extrahepatic collateral pathway	7 (23%)	5 (28%)	2 (15%)	0.415
Development of AP/AV shunt	4 (13%)	4 (22%)	0 (0%)	0.069

The chi-squared test was used to calculate p-values. Irradiated HCCs refer to the TACE/TAI-targeted tumors being within the PBT irradiation field.
TACE: transarterial chemoembolization, TAI: transcatheter arterial infusion, PBT: proton beam therapy, HCC: hepatocellular carcinoma, AP/AV: arterio-portal or arteriovenous.