Review Article

Casein and Peptides Derived from Casein as Antileukaemic Agents

Table 2

Effect of caseins in haematopoietic cells in vitro.

CaseinBiological functionsRef

Bovine α-, β-, and κ-caseinsInhibit the proliferation of the 32D myeloid mice cell line and induce the expression of cfms and FcgRIIB1 and FcgRIIB22 receptors[41]
Bovine α-, β-, and κ-caseinsInhibit the proliferation of WEHI-3 leukaemic cells but induces cell differentiation, the expression of GM-CSF and its receptor GM-CSFR, as well as the isoforms FcgRIIB1 and FcgRIIB22[42]
Human αS1-caseinActivates the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as GM-CSF, IL-1β, and IL-6 in human monocytes via the MAPK-p38 signalling pathway[43, 44]
Human αS1-caseinEnhances the mitogen-stimulated proliferation of murine splenic T lymphocytes[45]
Human αS1-caseinPro-inflammatory properties throughout the TLR4 pathway[46]
Human αS1-caseinMay constitute an autogenous stimulus to uphold chronic TLR4 pathway inflammation[47]
Bovine β-caseinEnhances mitogen-induced proliferation of bovine T and B lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner[48]
Bovine κ-casein CGPSuppresses murine and rabbit lymphocyte proliferation induced by mitogens[45]

cfms, M-CSF receptor; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; IL-6, interleukin 6; CGP, caseinoglycopeptide; MAPK-p38, mitogen-activated protein kinase p38.