Modulation of ERQC and ERAD: A Broad-Spectrum Spanner in the Works of Cancer Cells?
Table 1
ERQC/ERAD components and association of their expression levels with cancer patient survival in the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) [24, 25].
Protein/gene and UniProt entry/name
Prognosis upon overexpression (Human Protein Atlas, )
Frequency of somatic mutations in cancer (COSMIC)
GCS1/MOGS, Q13724/MOGS_HUMAN
Unfavourable prognosis in renal, liver, and colorectal cancers
191/47211 (0.4%)
ER αGlu II α subunit/GANAB, Q14697/GANAB_HUMAN
Unfavourable prognosis in liver and urothelial cancers
254/47211 (0.5%)
ER αGlu II β subunit/PRKCSH, P14314/GLU2B_HUMAN
Unfavourable prognosis in renal cancer
191/47211 (0.4%)
UGGT1/UGGT1, Q9NYU2/UGGG1_HUMAN
Unfavourable prognosis in renal cancer
333/47297 (0.7%)
UGGT2/UGGT2, Q9NYU1/UGGG2_HUMAN
Unfavourable prognosis in lung and liver cancers
406/47212 (0.8%)
Sep15/Sep15, O60613/SEP15_HUMAN
Unfavourable prognosis in liver, head, and neck cancers but favourable prognosis in colorectal cancer
17/47187 (0.04%))
Calnexin/CANX, P27824/CALX_HUMAN
Favourable prognosis in colorectal cancer but unfavourable in thyroid cancer
151/47211 (0.3%)
Calreticulin/CALR, P27797/CALR_HUMAN
Favourable prognosis in ovarian cancer but unfavourable in renal cancer
4344/81169 (5.3%)
ER UDPase, O75356, ENTP5_HUMAN
Favourable prognosis in renal cancer
110/47209 (0.2%)
ER αMan I, Q9UKM7, MA1B1_HUMAN
Unfavourable prognosis in liver cancer
178/47354 (0.4%)
EDEM1, Q92611, EDEM1_HUMAN
N/A
141/47255 (0.3%)
EDEM2, Q9BV94 EDEM2_HUMAN
Unfavourable prognosis in renal cancer
162/35626 (0.4%)
EDEM3, Q9BZQ6 EDEM3_HUMAN
Unfavourable prognosis in renal cancer
231/35629 (0.6%)
ERDJ5, Q8IXB1, DJC10_HUMAN
Favourable prognosis in endometrial cancer but unfavourable in renal and thyroid cancers
205/47347 (0.4%)
HRD1, Q86TM6, SYVN1_HUMAN
Favourable prognosis in head and neck cancer
143/47298 (0.3%)
OS-9/, Q13438/OS9_HUMAN
N/A
188/47797 (0.4%)
The HPA correlation () between high levels of expression of the protein with the survival rates of cancer patients is reported, together with the frequency of somatic mutations detected in the same genes, as per the Catalogue of Somatic Mutations in Cancer (COSMIC) [27]. For comparison, the tumour suppressors TP53 and CDKN2A have mutation frequencies of 25% (40416/160297) and 6% (6067/100370), respectively.
