Prognostic Factors in Patients with Rhabdomyosarcoma Using Competing-Risks Analysis: A Study of Cases in the SEER Database

Table 3

Proportional subdistribution hazards models for rhabdomyosarcoma.

Variables	Classification	DTR			DOC
		Coefficient	sdHR (95% CI)		Coefficient	sdHR (95% CI)
Age	<19	Reference			Reference
	≥19	0.650	1.915 (1.586–2.314)	<0.001	1.091	2.978 (1.879–4.720)	<0.001
Year	1986–1995	Reference			Reference
	1996–2005	−0.260	0.771 (0.625–0.950)	0.015	−0.156	0.856 (0.570–1.284)	0.452
	2006–2015	−0.430	0.650 (0.527–0.803)	<0.001	−0.170	0.844 (0.572–1.244)	0.391
Race	Black	Reference			Reference
	White	−0.178	0.837 (0.705–0.993)	0.042	0.069	1.071 (0.734–1.563)	0.722
	Other	−0.138	0.871 (0.663–1.145)	0.322	−0.704	0.495 (0.232–1.056)	0.069
Sex	Female	Reference			Reference
	Male	−0.046	0.955 (0.832–1.097)	0.517	0.184	1.202 (0.918–1.573)	0.180
Marital status	DSW	Reference			Reference
	Married	0.010	1.010 (0.747–1.367)	0.947	−0.565	0.569 (0.406–0.795)	0.001
	Unmarried	−0.142	0.868 (0.629–1.198)	0.388	−0.963	0.382 (0.249–0.585)	<0.001
Site	Favorable	Reference			Reference
	Unfavorable	0.216	1.241 (1.050–1.467)	0.011	0.313	1.367 (0.996–1.877)	0.053
Historic stage	Distant	Reference			Reference
	Localized	−1.225	0.294 (0.239–0.362)	<0.001	−0.215	0.806 (0.546–1.191)	0.280
	Regional	−0.695	0.499 (0.425–0.585)	<0.001	−0.063	0.939 (0.657–1.343)	0.732
Tumor size	5–10	Reference			Reference
	<5	−0.170	0.843 (0.681–1.044)	0.118	−0.189	0.827 (0.561–1.221)	0.340
	≥10	0.370	1.447 (1.199–1.747)	<0.001	−0.228	0.796 (0.545–1.163)	0.238
	Other	0.074	1.077 (0.894–1.298)	0.435	−0.112	0.894 (0.612–1.306)	0.563
Laterality	Left	Reference			Reference
	Not a paired site	0.067	1.070 (0.865–1.323)	0.535	0.202	1.223 (0.811–1.846)	0.337
	Right	0.120	1.128 (0.941–1.351)	0.192	0.316	1.371 (0.948–1.982)	0.094
HS	Alveolar	Reference			Reference
	RMS	−0.253	0.777 (0.625–0.965)	0.022	0.384	1.468 (0.954–2.258)	0.081
	Embryonal	−0.483	0.617 (0.517–0.736)	<0.001	−0.375	0.687 (0.418–1.130)	0.139
	Pleomorphic	−0.208	0.813 (0.606–1.090)	0.166	0.266	1.305 (0.794–2.145)	0.294
	Other	−0.470	0.625 (0.459–0.852)	0.003	0.067	1.069 (0.554–2.063)	0.842
RS	IRS	Reference			Reference
	NRS	0.447	1.564 (0.586–4.176)	0.372	−0.012	0.988 (0.157–6.205)	0.989
	WRS	0.419	1.520 (0.584–3.954)	0.391	0.803	1.255 (0.211–7.457)	0.803
Surgery	No/unknown	Reference			Reference
	Yes	−0.328	0.720 (0.587–0.884)	0.002	−0.195	0.823 (0.545–1.244)	0.356
Chemotherapy	No/unknown	Reference			Reference
	Yes	0.200	1.222 (0.959–1.557)	0.105	−0.792	0.453 (0.328–0.626)	<0.001
Radiotherapy	None/unknown	Reference			Reference
	Yes	−0.148	0.862 (0.700–1.062)	0.163	−0.459	0.632 (0.389–1.026)	0.064

DSW: divorced and separated and widowed; RMS: rhabdomyosarcoma; HS: histology subtype; RS: radiation sequence with surgery; NRS: no radiation and/or cancer-directed surgery; WRS: radiation prior to surgery, radiation after surgery, and radiation before and after surgery; IRS: intraoperative radiation and intraoperative rad with other rad before/after surgery.