Research Article

Deep Learning to Predict EGFR Mutation and PD-L1 Expression Status in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer on Computed Tomography Images

Table 3

Recent representative studies using deep learning to predict gene status in lung cancer patients on CT images.

AuthorYearDesignDatasetTraining cohortValidation cohortTest cohortModelOutcomePerformance reported

Baihua Zhang2021Retrospective multicenter on CT914 LUAD638NA71 internal; 205 externalSE-CNN + radiomics mappingEGFR mutationAUC 0.910 and 0.841 in internal and external test cohorts, respectively

Wei Mu2020Retrospective multicenter on PET/CT681 NSCLCs42918765 externalCNNEGFR mutation treatment responseAUC 0.86, 0.83, and 0.81 in the training, internal validation, and external test cohorts, respectively

Shuo Wang2019Retrospective multicenter on CT844 LUAD603Five-fold cross validation; 241 independentNACNNEGFR mutationAUC 0.85 in the primary cohort; AUC 0.81 in the independent validation cohort

Wei Zhao2019Retrospective multicenter on CT616 LUAD348116115 internal; 37 publicCNN 3D DenseNetsEGFR mutationAUC 0.758 and 0.750 in the internal test set and public test set

Junfeng Xiong2018Retrospective single-center on CT503 LUAD345158NACNNEGFR mutationAn AUC (CNN) of 0.776 and an AUC (a fusion model of CNNs and clinical features) of 0.838 in the validation set

Panwen Tian2021Retrospective multicenter on CT939 NSCLCs7509396KNNPD-L1 expression treatment responseAUC 0.78, 0.71, and 0.76 in the training, validation, and test cohorts

Ying Zhu2020Retrospective single-center on CT127 LUADNAFive-fold cross validationNACNN 3D DenseNetsPD-L1 expressionAUC more than 0.750

Zhengbo Song2020Retrospective multicenter on CT1028 NSCLCs65128691CNN 3D ResNet10ALK fusion status
Treatment response
AUC(CNN) 0.8046 and 0.7754 in the primary and validation cohorts, AUC (trained by both CT images and clinicopathological information) 0.8540 and 0.8481 in the primary and validation cohorts

LUAD: lung adenocarcinoma; NSCLC: non-small-cell lung cancer; CNN: convolutional neural network; KNN: k-nearest neighbor; NA: not applicable.