| | Reference | Sample demographics at baseline | Cancer site and stage | Study design | Theoretical framework | Mental health measures | Results |
| | [9] | N = 542, 57% male, mean age = 71 years, France | 63% colon cancer, 37% rectal cancer, 41% stage I, 26% stage II, 19% stage III, 2% stage IV, and 12% unknown | Cross-sectional, population-based, case-controlled (N = 1,181 controls), surveyed at 5-, 10-, and 15-year postdiagnosis | None | SF-36 : MCS, EORTC QLQ-C30: emotional functioning scale, STAI | Mental health and anxiety were not significantly different between cancer survivors and noncancer controls | | [10] | N = 1,703, 60% male, 71% aged between 60 and 80 years, Australia | Type of CRC not reported, 55% stage 0, I, or II, 35% stage III or IV, and 11% unknown | Longitudinal, surveyed at 5, 12, 24, 36, 48, and 60 months postdiagnosis, population-based | None | BSI | During the 5-year research period, 32–44% of participants reported significant levels of psychological discomfort. According to the study’s findings, three distinct distress trajectories were found, including continuous low distress (19%), medium discomfort that varied between time points (30%), medium distress that rose progressively over time (39%), and (13%). Distress was mentioned more frequently by males than when it came to males in distress, they tended to be younger, with less education, a weak social network, and advanced | | [11] | N = 339, 55% male, mean age = 71 years, Israel | Type of CRC not reported, 18% stage 0 or I, 62% stage II, and 20% stage III | Cross-sectional, surveyed between 2- and 6-year posttreatment | None | BSI, IES, MAC | Survivors who were single and unmarried reported the highest levels of anxiety and help married and unmarried survivors have similar levels of family support, but higher family support was exclusively associated with decreased suffering among married survivors | | [12] | N = 439, 57% male, mean age = 65 years, Germany | 59% colon cancer, 41% rectal cancer, 51% local, 31% regional, 17% distal, and 1% unknown | Longitudinal, surveyed at 1-, 3-, 5-, and 10-year postdiagnosis, population-based, case-controlled (N = 2,028 controls) | None | EORTC QLQ-C30: emotional functioning scale | Patients who had been diagnosed with cancer had significantly poorer emotional functioning at 1-, 3-, and 10-year postdiagnosis compared to controls; however, the differences were not clinically significant (>10 points). Comparing younger survivors (age 60) to older survivors (age 70 at diagnosis), younger survivors (age 60) reported substantially poorer emotional functioning 1 and 3 years after diagnosis. | | [13] | N = 491, 62% male, mean age = 72 years, 76% non-Hispanic White, USA | 100% rectal cancer, 53% local, 41% regional, 1% distal, and 5% unknown | Cross-sectional, surveyed at least 5 years postdiagnosis, case-controlled: ostomies (n = 246 cases) vs. anastomoses (n = 245 controls) | None | Modified COH-QOL-ostomy, SF-36 version 2: MCS | As a result of their ostomies, ladies with anastomoses reported a worse psychological well-being; there was also a higher rate of depression among male and female survivors who had ostomies compared to those who did not. | | [14] | N = 1,419, 53% male, mean age = 70 years, Netherlands | 59% colon cancer, 41% rectal, 33% stage I, 38% stage II, 26% stage III, 2% stage IV, and 1% unknown | Cross-sectional, surveyed at an average of 8 years postdiagnosis (minimum of 5 years postdiagnosis), population-based, case-controlled (N = 338 normative population controls) | None | HADS | Anxiety symptoms were recorded by 20% of survivors, whereas depression symptoms were reported by 18%. Anxiety levels in survivors were higher than those in the normative group when using a stricter cutoff point of less than 11. Depressive symptoms were higher in survivors than in the normative population when using a stricter cutoff of less than 11 |
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