Research Article
Perceived Breast Cancer Risk among Female Undergraduate Students in Ghana: A Cross-Sectional Study
Table 4
Perceived risk of breast cancer by sociodemographic characteristics.
| | Characteristics | Risk perception (N = 281) | | Yes, n(%) | No, n(%) | Do not know, N (%) | X2 | value |
| | Age group (years) | | | | 4.07 | 0.67 | | <20 | 17 (38.6) | 19 (43.2) | 8 (18.2) | | 20–24 | 64 (35.4) | 87 (48.1) | 30 (16.6) | | 25–29 | 24 (47.1) | 19 (37.3) | 8 (15.7) | | ≥30 | 3 (60.0) | 2 (40.0) | 0 (0.0) |
| | Religion | | | | 5.57 | 0.47 | | Christian | 85 (38.1) | 103 (46.2) | 35 (15.7) | | Muslim | 18 (40.9) | 18 (40.9) | 8 (18.2) | | Traditionalist | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (100.0) | | No religion | 5 (38.4) | 6 (46.2) | 2 (15.4) |
| | Ethnicity | | | | 6.32 | 0.39 | | Akan | 38 (35.2) | 55 (50.9) | 15 (13.9) | | Ewe | 36 (42.4) | 38 (44.7) | 11 (12.9) | | Ga-Dangbe | 15 (34.1) | 19 (43.2) | 10 (22.7) | | Others | 19 (43.2) | 15 (34.1) | 10 (22.7) |
| | Academic year | | | | 15.24 | 0.02 | | First year | 17 (39.5) | 12 (27.9) | 14 (32.6) | | Second year | 16 (32.6) | 23 (46.9) | 10 (20.4) | | Third year | 39 (36.1) | 55 (50.9) | 14 (12.9) | | Fourth year | 36 (44.4) | 37 (45.7) | 8 (9.8) |
| | School | | | | 16.68 | 0.01 | | Allied health sciences | 13 (23.6) | 27 (49.1) | 15 (27.3) | | Basic and Biomedical Sciences | 5 (71.4) | 1 (14.3) | 1 (14.3) | | Medicine | 32 (55.2) | 24 (41.4) | 2 (3.45) | | Nursing and Midwifery | 57 (36.8) | 72 (46.5) | 26 (16.8) | | Pharmacy | 1 (16.7) | 3 (50.0) | 2 (33.3) |
| | Known someone with breast cancer | | | | 15.78 | <0.001 | | Yes | 70 (50.4) | 54 (38.9) | 15 (10.8) | | No | 38 (26.8) | 73 (51.4) | 31 (21.8) |
| | Family history of breast cancer | | | | 35.89 | <0.001 | | Yes | 40 (74.1) | 10 (18.5) | 4 (7.4) | | No | 68 (29.9) | 117 (51.5) | 42 (18.5) |
| | Alcohol consumption (drinks/day) | | | | 0.65 | 0.72 | | 0 | 83 (37.4) | 103 (46.4) | 36 (16.2) | | ≥1 | 25 (42.4) | 24 (40.7) | 10 (16.9) |
| | Current use of oral pills/injectables | | | | 7.07 | 0.03 | | Current user | 16 (40.0) | 23 (57.5) | 1 (2.5) | | Non-user | 92 (38.4) | 104 (43.1) | 45 (18.7) |
| | Physical activity | | | | 1.14 | 0.57 | | Yes | 96 (37.5) | 117 (45.7) | 43 (16.8) | | No | 12 (48.0) | 10 (40.0) | 3 (12.0) |
| | Age at menarche | | | | 1.22 | 0.54 | | <12 | 18 (46.2) | 16 (41.0) | 5 (12.8) | | ≥12 | 90 (37.2) | 111 (45.9) | 41 (16.9) |
| | Ever screened for breast cancer | | | | 29.51 | <0.001 | | Yes | 81 (47.9) | 75 (44.4) | 13 (7.7) | | No | 27 (24.1) | 52 (46.4) | 33 (29.5) |
| | Intention to perform BSE in future | | | | 43.46 | <0.001 | | Yes | 88 (78.6) | 12 (10.7) | 12 (10.7) | | No | 19 (31.2) | 33 (54.1) | 9 (14.8) |
| | Known someone with breast cancer | | | | 15.78 | <0.001 | | Yes | 70 (50.4) | 54 (38.9) | 15 (10.8) | | No | 38 (26.8) | 73 (51.4) | 31 (21.8) |
| | Family history of breast cancer | | | | 35.89 | <0.001 | | Yes | 40 (74.1) | 10 (18.5) | 4 (7.4) | | No | 68 (29.9) | 117 (51.5) | 42 (18.5) |
| | Alcohol consumption (drinks/day) | | | | 0.65 | 0.72 | | 0 | 83 (37.4) | 103 (46.4) | 36 (16.2) | | ≥1 | 25 (42.4) | 24 (40.7) | 10 (16.9) |
| | Current use of oral pills/injectables | | | | 7.07 | 0.03 | | Current user | 16 (40.0) | 23 (57.5) | 1 (2.5) | | Non-user | 92 (38.4) | 104 (43.1) | 45 (18.7) |
| | Physical activity | | | | 1.14 | 0.57 | | Yes | 96 (37.5) | 117 (45.7) | 43 (16.8) | | No | 12 (48.0) | 10 (40.0) | 3 (12.0) |
| | Age at menarche | | | | 1.22 | 0.54 | | <12 | 18 (46.2) | 16 (41.0) | 5 (12.8) | | ≥12 | 90 (37.2) | 111 (45.9) | 41 (16.9) |
| | Ever screened for breast cancer | | | | 29.51 | <0.001 | | Yes | 81 (47.9) | 75 (44.4) | 13 (7.7) | | No | 27 (24.1) | 52 (46.4) | 33 (29.5) |
| | Intention to perform BSE in future | | | | 43.46 | <0.001 | | Yes | 88 (78.6) | 12 (10.7) | 12 (10.7) | | No | 19 (31.2) | 33 (54.1) | 9 (14.8) |
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